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Form SOX 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR 

STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION SERVICE 



GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 



PRESCRIBED BY THE 



Board of Supervising Inspectors 



AS AMENDED 



JANUARY, 1907 



AMENDMENTS APPROVED BY THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE AND LABOR 
FEBRUARY 25, 1907 



Edition: March {> 1907 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1907 



JF'ox-m. 801 



DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR 

STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION SERVICE 



7/ 



GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 



PRESCRIBED BY THE 



Board of Supervising Inspectors 



AS AMENDED 



JANUARY, 1907 



AMENDMENTS APPROVED BY THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE AND LABOR 
FEBRUARY 25, 1907 



Editio?i: March 4, 1907 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1907 



<Ll^ 









APR 19 1907 
D. ofO. 



a 
I 



AMENDED STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION RULES AND 
REGULATIONS. 



Department of Commerce and Labor, 

Office of the Secretary, 

Washington, March 4, 1907. 
To Supervising and Local Inspectors, Steamboat-Inspection Service, 

and others concerned: 

At the regular annual meeting of the Board of Supervising Inspect- 
ors, Steamboat-Inspection Service, held in Washington, D. C., in 
January and February, 1907, in pursuance of section 4405, Revised 
Statutes of the United States, amendments were made to sections 2, 
Rule I; 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 29, and 30, Rule II; 
1, 3, 9, 10, 11, 15, 20, 25, 28, and 29, Rule III; 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 13, and 14, 
Rule IV; 3, 14, 28, 35, 36, 39, and 50, Rule V; 4, Rule VIII; 6, Rule 
IX; 4 and 12 (new), Rule X, of the General Rules and Regulations. 

These amendments to the rules, having received the approval of the 
Secretary of Commerce and Labor, have now the force or law, as pro- 
vided in section 4405, Revised Statutes, and must be observed 
accordingly. 

The pilot rules for all waters were amended by the Board and 
approved by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, which amended 
rules shall be effective on and after July 1, 1907, on and after which 
date the pilot rules for the inland waters of the Atlantic and Pacific 
coasts shall not apply on the Mississippi River below New Orleans, 
but shall be superseded for those waters by the pilot rules for western 
rivers. 

The acts of the executive committee of the Board of Supervising 
Inspectors, in the meetings of June and October, 1906, as approved 
by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, were ratified by the Board, 
winch action of the Board has been approved by the Secretary of 
Commerce and Labor. 

The rules for lights to be carried by ferryboats and by barges and 
canal boats in tow on the inland waters of the Atlantic and Pacific 
coasts will be published as a separate form, two copies of which shall 
be kept on board and posted on steam and motor vessels on the 
inland waters of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, on and after July 1, 
1907, as required for new pilot rules, and in accordance with section 
2 of act of Congress approved June 7, 1897. 

The life-saving and other equipments approved by the Board at 
this meeting, which also receiver! the approval of the Secretary of 
Commerce and Labor, under the authority of section 4491, Revised 
Statutes, and pipe boilers approved by the Board at this meeting, 
under the provisions of section 4429, Revised Statutes, are included 
in the list of " Instruments, machines, and equipments approved for 
use on vessels," and list of approved boilers, in this publication. 

Oscar S. Straus, Secretary. 
(3) 



OFFICERS OF THE STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION SERVICE. 



Geo. Uhler, Supervising Inspector-General, 
William F. Gatchell, Chief Cleric, 

Washington, D. C. 



SUPERVISING INSPECTORS. 

First district. — John Bermingham, San Francisco, Cal. 
Second distnct. — Ira Harris, New York, N. Y. 
Third district. — John W. Oast, Norfolk, Va. 
Fourth district. — Joseph J. Dunn, St. Louis, Mo. 
Fifth district. — John D. Sloane, Dubuque, Iowa. 
Sixth district. — Eugene L. Dorsey, Louisville, Ky. 
Seventh district. — Samuel R. Crumbaugh, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Eighth district. — Charles H. Westcott, Detroit, Mich. 
Ninth district. — James Stone, Cleveland, Ohio. 
Tenth district. — John A. Cotter, New Orleans, La. 

Territory embraced in supervising districts. 

First district embraces all waters and rivers of the United States 
west of the Rocky Mountains. 

Second district embraces the waters of the Atlantic coast, rivers, 
and tributaries between the Bay of Passamaquoddy and Cape Charles. 

Third district embraces the waters of the Atlantic coast, rivers, 
and tributaries between Cape Charles and Cape Sable. 

Fourth district embraces the Mississippi River and tributaries 
from above Greenfield, Mo., up to and including Keokuk, Iowa; the 
Illinois River below Peoria, and the Missouri River up to the mouth 
of the Niobrara River at its junction with the Missouri River. 

Fifth district embraces the upper Mississippi River and its tribu- 
taries above Keokuk, Iowa; the Red River of the North, and that part 
of the Missouri River and its tributaries above its junction with the 
Niobrara River, and all that portion of Lake Superior bounded by the 
States of Minnesota and Wisconsin. 

Sixth district embraces the Ohio River and tributaries up to and 
including Carrollton, Ky., and the Mississippi River and tributaries 
from Greenville, Miss., up to and including Greenfield, Mo. 

Seventh district embraces the Ohio River and tributaries above 
Carrollton, Ky. 

Eighth district embraces all the waters of the lakes north and 
west of Lake Erie, with their tributaries, except that portion of Lake 

(5) 



Superior which is bounded by the States of Minnesota and Wisconsin, 
and also includes the upper portion of the Illinois River down to and 
including Peoria, 111. 

Ninth district embraces all the waters of the Biyer St. Lawrence, 
Lakes Erie, Ontario, and Champlain, and their tributaries. 

Tenth district embraces the coast and tributary waters of the Gulf 
of Mexico, between Cape Sable and the mouth of the Rio Grande, and 
the Mississippi River and tributaries to Greenville, Miss. 

LOCAL INSPECTORS. 



District. 


Of hulls. 


Of boilers. 


Residence. 


First 


0. F. Bolles 


John K. Bulger 






Thomas P. Deering, assistant. 

James Guthrie, assistant 

William Howe, assistant 


John E. W r ynn, assistant . . 

Joseph P. Dolan, assistant 

Carl F. Lehners, assistant 

Geo. F. Fuller 


Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Portland, Oreg. 
Seattle, Wash. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 










Evan Griffiths, assistant 

Frank H. Turner, assistant. . . 
Edward G. Rouse, assistant . . . 
Donald S. Ames, assistant L . . 
Geo. II. Whitney 


Harry C Lord, assistant 

John B. Wolters, assistant 

Thomas Short, assistant 

George Q. Weldin, assistant 1 . . 










Second 




Theodore T. Mersereau 

Wm. G. Fenwick, assistant — 

W T m. H. Powers, assistant 

Richard F. Wilson, assistant. . . 

Charles Stewart, assistant 

John W. Fleming, assistant... 
John J. McCarthy, assistant . . 

John W r . Waters, assistant 

John E. Gunn, assistant 

John L. Crone, assistant 

Daniel J. Dougherty, assistant 2 
Alfred G. Knights, assistant.. 
Frank C. Williams, assistant.. 
George F. Coleman, assistant . 


New York, N. Y. 




Geo. T. Charlton, assistant — 

Frank J. Smith, assistant 

George S. Tuthill, assistant. . . 

Thos. H. Foster, assistant 

Joseph Watkinson, assistant. . 

Albert H. Terry, assistant 

Peter C Petrie, assistant 

Cornelius II. Smith, assistant . 
Everett J. Millikin, assistant. . 
Henry M. Taylor, assistant . . . 
Hector R. Campbell, assistant 
Alan S.Johnstone, assistant... 
Humphrey Jones, assistant. . . 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 




Oscar G. Haines, assistant 

Henry L. Thompson, assistant 


Wm. M. Gilman, assistant 

Newell A. Perry, assistant 


Do. 
Do. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 




Harry S. Miller, assistant 

Hannon M. Power, assistant.. 
Hugh MacPherson, assistant. . 
Wm E.Withey 


Samuel A. Mills, assistant 

John E. Wilson, assistant 

Clement A. Mattson, assistant 




Robert B Keller 




Albany, N. Y. 
Portland, Me. 






John H. Trevctt 














Walter L. Blaisdell 












Third. . . 


Robert E. Tapley 




Norfolk, Va. 




Alexander Calcott, assistant. . 
Chas W. Wright 


Thomas J. Hanlon, assistant.. 
Edwin F.White... 


Do. 




Richard A. Dunn, assistant... 

August E. Blom, assistant 

Lewis F. Powell, assistant 


Michael Stanton, assistant 

Henry L. Simpson, assistant. . 
George L. Taylor, assistant... 
Edward G. Alien, assistant 3 .. 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 




Fred B Rice 


Charleston, S. C. 




Wm. G.Lee 

Wm A. Shaw 


Edward B. Fitzgerald '. 


Savannah, Ga. 
Jacksonville, Fla. 






Wm. J. Macdonald 


St. Louis, Mo. 


Fifth 




Dubuque, Iowa. 






Michael F. Chalk 


Duluth, Minn. 


Sixth 






Louisville, Ky. 






John II. Moore 


EvansviUe, Ind. 




George M. Green 


Joe M. St. John 


Nashville, Tenn. 






Henry C. Waltz 


Memphis, Tenn. 


Seventh 


John K. Peyton 


George W. Dameron 

Charles G. Thomas 

George II. Atkinson 

John II. Galwey 

Roy L. Peck 

Charles C. EcklifT 


Cincinnati, Ohio. 




Wm. 11. Clark 


Point Pleasant, W. 






Va. 
Pittsburg, Pa. 


Eighth 




Detroit, Mich. 




Ira B. Mansfield 


Chicago, 111. 






Grand' Haven, Mich. 




Charles M. York 


Charles M. Gooding 


Marquette, Mich. 



Detailed to Portland, Oreg. 2 Detailed to Pittsburg, Pa. 3 Detailed to Coatcsvillc, Pa. 



LOCAL INSPECTORS— Continued. 



District. 


Of hulls. 


Of boilers. 


Residence. 




Frank W. Van Tat ton 

Thos. W. Swift, assistant 

Henry C. McCallum. assistant ' 

Robert Reid, assistant 2 

Willis W. Stewart 


William A. Collins 


Milwaukee, Wis. 




Perry N. Knaggs, assistant. . . 
George M. Milne, assistant 1 ... 
William Nicholas, assistant, '•'.. 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Port Huron, Mich. 




Nils B. Nelson 


James McGrath 


Cleveland, Ohio. 




Joseph G. Schumacher 

Win. P. Nolan, assistant 

John B. Hay ward, assistant :i . 


Buffalo, N. Y. 




James M. Todd, assistant 

Thomas W. Gould, assistant 8 
Bvron J. Holt 


Do. 
Do. 

Burlington, Vt. 






Robert Chestnut 


Oswego, N. Y. 




Charles A. Potter 


Wm. F. Plietz 


Toledo, Ohio. 






Cecil N. Bean 






Robert J. McBride. assistant.. 


Robert F. Hall, assistant 


Do. 

Apalachicola, Fla. 
Galveston, Tex. 












Eugene O'Brien 


Mobile, Ala. 











i Detailed to Detroit Mich. 



* Detailed to Chicago, ill. 



s Detailed to Cleveland, Ohio. 



Clerk to Supervising Inspector, Second District. 
Walter Richards, New York, N. Y. 
Clerics to local boards. 



Thomas R. Craigic, San Francisco, Gal. 
James J. Sullivan, San Francisco, Cal. 
Arthur F. Merrill, Portland, Oreg. 
"Willis H. Rooks, Seattle. Wash. 
Wesley E. Walker, Seattle, Wash. 
Harry A. Collings, Juneau, Alaska. 
Gustavus E. Hart, St. Michael, Alaska. 
Frank J. Dunlea, New York, N. Y. 
Harry S. Eckert, New York, N. Y. 
John Groener, jr., New York, N. Y. 
Joseph C. Trotter, New York, N. Y. 
D. J. Phelan, New York, N. Y. 
Thomas B. Martin, New York, N. Y. 
William C. Osborne, New York, N. Y. 
George A. Copeland, Boston, Mass. 
John M. B. Kelly, Boston, Mass. 
James E. Gallagher, Philadelphia, Pa. 
William E. McFarland, Philadelphia, Pa. 
John J. Mclntee, New London, Conn. 
Thomas J. Reillv, Albany, N. Y. 
W. H. O'Brion, Portland', Me. 
Chas. W. Loux, Providence, R. I. 
John F. Davis, Bangor, Me. 
John S. Conway, New Haven, Conn. 
George M. Kitzmiller, Norfolk, Ya. 
W T m. G. Collings, Norfolk, Va. 
Chas. L. Wiegand, Baltimore, Aid. 
George B. Sprow, jr., Baltimore, Md. 
John A. Dacey, 4 Baltimore, Md. 
Harry F. Kabernagel, Charleston, S. C. 



George A. Gregory, Savannah, Ga. 
James N. Stover, Jacksonville, Fla. 
Henry E. Folluo, St. Louis, Mo. 
Wm. R. Oliver, Dubuque, Iowa. 
Donald McLennan, Duluth, Minn. 
Arthur R. Kimmerling, Louisville, Ky. 
Emory F. Kohlmeier, Evansville, Ind. 
Ozro W. Brumfiel, Nashville, Tenn. 
James F. Reed, Memphis, Tenn. 
Augustus W. Snyder, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Victor M. Grubb, Pittsburg, Pa. 
George E. Meddaugh, Point Pleasant, 

W. Va. 
Alfred J. Doyle, Detroit, Mich. 
Arthur E. Schutt, Chicago, 111. 
Elmer C. Hurless, Grand Haven, 
Hugo Hauser, Marquette, Mich. 
Lee R. Whitney, Milwaukee, Wis. 
David McArron, Port Huron, Mich. 
Edward Lawlor, Cleveland, Ohio. 
John E. Mulroy, Buffalo, N. Y. 
Harold R. Bassett, Buffalo, N. Y. 
Willis E. Monty, Burlington, Vt. * 
Charles F. Hager, Oswego, N. Y. 
Edward M. Mansuy, Toledo, Ohio. 
Paul W. Peavv, New Orleans, La. 
Walter S. Otto, New Orleans, La. 
Wm. J. Glasgow, Apalachicola, Fla. 
George J. West, Galveston, Tex. 
J. Brooks Clark, Mobile, Ala. 



Mich. 



4 Detailed to Coatesville, Pa. 



GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS. 



,Rule I. — Boiler Plate. 

Section. 

Bending and quenching test of steel 7 

Bending test of iron 8 

Bessemer steel plate allowed for tubes 7 

Boilers used for other than marine purposes allowed under certain 

conditions 4 

Chemical test required of steel plate 7 

Ductility and other qualities of steel plate, how obtained . .'. 7 

Ductility and other qualities of iron plate, how obtained 8 

Foreign-built boilers of vessels admitted to American registry 10 

Form of recording tests 9 

Gauge for determining the thickness of boiler plates 9 

Iron plates, tests required of 8 

Manufacturers to furnish affidavit 9 

Manufacturer's affidavit, form of 9 

Plates, how to be stamped by manufacturer 1 

Plates, how to be stamped by inspectors 5 

Plates, restamping of 2 

Plates, rating tensile strength of 3 

Plates for repairs or to be carried in stock may be tested 5 

Physical test required of steel plate 7 

Physical test required of iron plate : 8 

Restamping of plates 2 

Sample pieces, dimensions of, and how prepared 6 

Steel plates, only basic or acid open-hearth to be allowed, except 

Bessemer steel for tubes 7 

Steel plate, tests required of 7 

Steel plate, certificate required of kind of manufacture, and of 

chemical analysis of •. . . 7 

Tensile strength to be rated with lowest stamp on plate 3 

Tensile strength, how obtained 6 

Tensile strength of steel, limits of 7 

Tensile strength of iron, limits of 8 

Tensile strength of foreign-built boilers admitted to American 

registry 10 

STAMPS. 

1 . Every iron or steel plate intended for the construe- § 4431 > R - s - 
tion of boilers to be used on steam vessels shall be stamped 
by the manufacturer in at least five places and in the fol- 
lowing manner: 

At the corners, at a distance of about 8 inches from the 
edges, and at or near the center of the plate, with the 
name of the manufacturer, the place where manufactured, 
and the number of pounds tensile stress it will bear to the 
sectional square inch, which must not be less than 45,000 
pounds for iron or 50,000 pounds for steel: Provided, 
however, That where the original plate, as rolled, is cut 

(9) 



10 

(I, 1) into smaller plates, or sheets, each sheet or plate thereof 
shall bear at least one stamp in such location as will best 
insure identification of the plate or sheet when assembled 
in construction. 

§ 4431, r. s. 2. Any plate may be restamped by the manufacturer 

in the presence of a local or ^assistant inspector, to the 
tensile strength of the sample: Provided, That such re- 
stamping is within the limits prescribed by these rules, 
and done before shipment from the mills. 
r §| 443i, 4433, 3. Whenever inspectors shall find a plate' of iron or 
steel with stamps differing as to the tensile strength of the 
material they shall rate the tensile strength of the same in 
accordance with the lowest stamp found thereon. 

§443o,r.s. 4> Boilers built since February 28, 1872, of material 

stamped and tested according to the requirements of sec- 
tion 4430, Revised Statutes, and having a record thereof 
in the office of the local inspectors in the district where 
the boiler was built or intended to be used, may be used 
for marine purposes, notwithstanding that such boilers 
may have been used for other purposes: Provided, That 
in the judgment of the local inspectors they are deemed 
safe for the purpose. 

§4431, r. s. 5. if the plates possess the physical, chemical, and 

other lawful qualities required by these rules, the in- 
spector making the test shall stamp the plate near the 
manufacturer's stamp, with the official stamp of the 
United States Steamboat-Inspection Service, and with 
the initials of his name and a serial number. 

Plates may be tested and inspected at the mills for 
repairs to marine boilers or to be carried in stock, the 
report of such test to be in duplicate, one copy to be 
furnished through the supervising inspector to the local 
inspectors in the district where the purchaser of such 
material is located, and the other to the purchaser, who 
shall deliver a copy of the same to the parties using the 
material, who, in turn, shall submit the same to the local 
inspectors in the district where the material is to be used, 
before being assembled in the boiler. Steamers carrying 
such repair material to be used in emergencies shall carry 
the record of each sheet of such material on board. 

TESTING. 

§§ 4430, 4431, 6. After June 30, 1905, every iron or steel plate sub- 
R ; s ' ject to tensile strain, to be used in the construction of 

boilers for steamers subject to the provisions of Title LII, 
shall be inspected and tested by an inspector duly author- 
ized under the provisions of said title, as follows: 

All material must be free from laminations, cracks, 
scabs, or other defects tending to reduce its strength. 

All plates which show defects in these or other respects 
shall be rejected. 

From each plate as first rolled from the billet, bloom, or 
ingot there shall be taken four test pieces, two for the 



11 

tensile test from diagonal corners and the other two for (I, 6) 
the bending test from the other diagonal corners, as here- 
inafter described. 

All the pieces shall be prepared so that the skin shall 
not be removed, the edges only planed or shaped. 

In no case shall test pieces be prepared by annealing 
or reduced in size by hammering. 

Tensile-test pieces shall be at least 16 inches in length, 
from Ij to 3o inches in width at the ends, which ends shall 
join by an easy fillet, a straight part hi the center of at 
least 9 inches in length and 1 inch in width, in form 
according to the following diagram, marked with light 
prick punch marks at distances 1 inch apart, spaced so 
as to give 8 inches in length: Provided, lioivever, That 
where samples are tested on the testing machines of the 
Steamboat-Inspection Service the test pieces shall not 
have a greater width on the ends than 2 inches. 



About 3 inches. 



STEEL PLATES. 

7. Only steel plates manufactured by what is known § 443 °- R - s - 
as the basic or acid open-hearth processes will be allowed 
to be used in the construction of boilers for marine pur- 
poses, and the manufacturer shall furnish a certificate 
with each order of steel tested, stating the technical 
process by which said steel was manufactured. This 
is not intended to apply to plates used in the construc- 
tion of Bessemer steel tubes. 

Xo plate made by the acid process shall contain more 
than .06 per cent of phosphorus and .04 per cent of sul- 
phur, and no plate made by the basic process shall contain 
more than .04 per cent of phosphorus and .04 per cent of 
sulphur, to be determined by analysis by the manufactur- 
ers, verified by them, and a copy furnished the inspector 
for each order tested; which analysis shall, if deemed 
expedient by the Supervising Inspector-General, be veri- 
fied by an outside test at the expense of the manufacturer 
of the plate. 

For steel plates the sample must show, when tested, a 
tensile strength not lower than 50,000 pounds and not 
more than 75,000 pounds per square inch of section; but 
on boilers whose construction is commenced after June 30, 
1905, where the plate will come in contact with fire, 
either in use or in course of construction of the boiler, the 
tensile strength shall not be more than 70,000 pounds per 
square inch of section. No plate shall be stamped with 
a greater tensile strength than 70,000 pounds. Such 
sample must also show an elongation of at least 25 per 



12 

(I, 7) cent in a length of 2 inches for thickness up to one-fourth 
inch, inclusive ; in a length of 4 inches for over one-fourth 
to seven-sixteenths inch, inclusive; in a length of 6 
inches for all plates over seven-sixteenths inch. The 
sample must also show a reduction of sectional area as 
follows : 

At least 50 per cent for thickness up to one-half inch, 
inclusive ; 45 per cent for thickness over one-half to three- 
fourths inch, inclusive, and 32.5 per cent for thickness 
over three-fourths of an inch. 

Quenching and lending test. — Quenching and bending 
test pieces shall be at least 12 inches in length and from 1 
to 3 1 inches in width. The sides where sheared or planed 
must not be rounded, but the edges may have the sharp- 
ness taken off with a fine file. The test piece shall be 
heated to a cherry red (as seen in a dark place) and then 
plunged into water at a temperature of about 82° F. 
Thus prepared, the sample shall be bent to a curve, the 
inner radius of which is not greater than one arid one-half 
times the thickness of the sample, without cracks or flaws. 
The ends must be parallel after bending. 

IRON PLATES. 

§ 4430, r. s. g^ Yor iron plates the sample must show, when tested, 

a tensile strength not lower than 45,000 pounds and not 
more than 60,000 pounds per square inch of section. It 
must also show an elongation of at least 15 per cent in a 
length of 8 inches. The sample must also show a reduc- 
tion of sectional area as follows: For samples showing 
45,000 pounds tensile strength, 15 per cent, and for each 
additional 1,000 pounds tensile strength up to 55,000 
pounds add 1 per cent. For samples over 55,000 pounds 
to 60,000 pounds tensile strength, 25 per cent only will 
be required. 

Bending test. — Bending test pieces shall be at least 12 
inches in length and from 1 to 3 J inches in width. The 
sides where sheared or planed must not be rounded, but 
the edges may have the sharpness taken off with a fine file. 

Thus prepared, the sample shall be bent cold to an 
angle of 90° to a curve, the inner radius of which is not 
greater than one and one-half times the thickness of the 
sample, without cracks or flaws. 



13 



RECORD OF TESTS. 



9. All tests made of boiler material must be recorded 
upon a table of the following form : 

Tensile tests of samples of material intended to be employed in the construc- 
tion of boilers of steam vessels made on testing machine. 





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The gauge to be employed by inspectors to determine 
the thickness of boiler plates and the widths in the table 
will be any standard American gauge furnished by the 
Department of Commerce and Labor. 

[Form 935.1 
AFFIDAVIT OF MANUFACTURER OF MARINE STEAM BOIL- 
ERS CONSTRUCTED OF MATERIAL TESTED AT THE 
MILLS. 

State of , County of , ss: 

On this day of , A. D. 190-, personally appeared before 

me, - — , a notary public in and for the county of 

■ — , who, being duly sworn, deposes 
of , boiler manufac- 



and State of , Mr. 

and says that he is 
turcr, and has contracted to build 
— , plate stamped — 



factured by 



marine boiler 
-T. S., from 



for 



of 



plate manu- 



which plate was tested at 



the mills by a United States assistant inspector, as provided in the act of 
Congress approved January 22, 1894, each of , said plates having stamped 

thereon the words "U. S. assistant inspector" and the initials, , 

and numbered as follows: . 

And no plate for shell or other part of boiler subject to tensile strain, 
other than herein specified, will be used in the construction of said 
boiler, the dimensions of which will be: Length, ; diameter, . 

Rivet holes in the shells, heads, and flanges of same, steam and mud 

drums, and holes for stay bolts, drilled and no part punched . 

Number of tubes, ; length, ; thickness, ; diameter, . 

Number of flues, ; length, ; thickness, ; diameter, . 

Number of furnaces, ; length, ; thickness, ; diameter, — ■ — . 

Kind of furnaces, ; round, ; corrugated, ; flat sides, ; 

thickness of plates of cylindrical shell of boiler, ; thickness of side 

sheets in flat side of furnace, ; thickness of flat top sheet of back 

connection, ; thickness of plates of cylindrical shell of back con- 
nection, ; thickness of material of boiler heads, ; thickness of 

tube sheets, ; thickness of plates of shell of steam chimney, ; 

thickness of plates in lining of steam chimney, ; thickness of side 

sheets, ; kind of rivets (iron or steel), ; diameter of rivet 

holes, ; pitch of rivets, ; pressure of steam boiler is to be 

inspected for, ; and of the style known as , to be used upon 

the steamer . 



(Signature) 

Sworn to and subscribed before me this day of - 

[notary's seal.] 



190-. 



Notary Public. 

(Note.— Inspectors will not accept this affidavit without the data required, unless 
accompanied by a satisfactory explanation in writing, to be filed with the affidavit.) 



(I) 

§ 4405, R. 



§ 4405, R. S. 



14 



[Form 936.] 



(1,9) 

4405, R. S. AFFIDAVIT OF MANUFACTURER OF MARINE STEAM 

BOILERS. 

State of , County of , ss: 



On this day of , A. D. 190-, personally appeared before 

me, , a notary public in and for the county of and 

State of , Mr. , who, being duly sworn, deposes and 

says that he is , of , boiler manufac- 
turer, and that the accompanying samples of , manufactured 

by , of , were cut from plates stamped 

T. S., which are to be used in the construction of marine boilers 

for ; and no plate for shell or other part of boiler subject to tensile 

strain of less tensile strength or quality than herein specified will be 
Used in the construction of said boiler, the dimensions of which will be: 

Length, ; diameter, . Rivet holes in the shells, heads, and 

flanges of same, steam and mud drums, and holes for stay bolts, drilled 

and no part punched, . Number of tubes, ; length, 

; thickness, ; diameter, . Number of flues, ; leng " 

; thickness, ; diameter, . Number of furnaces, — 

length, ; thickness, ; diameter, . Kind of furnaces, — 

round, ; corrugated, — — ; flat side, . Thickness of plates of 

cylindrical shell of boiler, ; thickness of side sheets in flat side of 

furnace, ; thickness of plates of cylindrical shell of back connec- 
tion, ; thickness of flat top sheet of back connection, ; thick- 
ness of material of boiler heads, ; thickness of tube sheets, ; 

thickness of plates of shell of steam chimney, ; thickness of plates 

in lining of steam chimney, ; thickness of side sheets, ; kind 

of rivets (iron or steel), ; diameter of rivet holes, ; pitch of 

rivets, ; pressure of steam boiler is to be inspected for, ; and 

of the style known as , to be used upon the steamer . 

(Signature) . 

Sworn to and subscribed before me this day of , 19G-. 

[notary's seal.] , 

Notary Public. 

Inspectors will not accept this affidavit unless the data 
required is given, unless accompanied by a satisfactory 
explanation in writing, to be filed with the affidavit. 

Inspectors may make requisition on the Department 
for the necessary supply ol blank affidavits for the use of 
boiler manufacturers. 

FOREIGN-BUILT BOILERS. 

4405, r. s. 10. Boilers of foreign-built vessels admitted to Ameri- 

can registry shall be deemed, if of iron, to have a tensile 
strength of 45,000 pounds to the sectional square inch; 
and, if of steel, to have a tensile strength of 50,000 
pounds to the square inch: Provided, Jiowever, That 
when the local inspectors of steamboats are furnished with 
an authentic copy of the tensile tests of the material enter- 
ing into the construction of such boilers, the boilers shall 
be inspected and tested in accordance with the rules and 
regulations of the Board ol Supervising Inspectors and 
allowed a steam pressure in accordance with the tensile 
strength of the material and general condition of the 
boilers. 



15 
Rule II. — Boilers and Attachments. 

Section. 

Adamson typo of furnace duo, pressure allowable on 16 

Adamson rings, pressure allowable on flues used as linings with . . J7 

Affidavit required of boiler manufacturers using tested steel braces. 17 

Angle stiffeners lor curved surfaces 14 

Banca-tin plugs, how inserted ^ 23 

Bessemer, acid, or basic open-hearth steel may be used for tubes, 13 

Blueprint or tracing descriptive of boiler L, 32 

Brown's type of furnace flue, pressure allowable on 16, 17 

Butt straps, thickness of 5 

Boilers, auxiliary, for seagoing steamers 8 

Boilers, coil and pipe, inspection of ;*2 

Boilers, date of building of*. 22 

Boilers, flash 24 

Boilers, space required from woodwork and at back end of 29 

Boilers, tubular, vertical 16 

Cast steel, cast iron, and other material, when allowed to be used. 20 

Combustion chambers and back connections 30, 14 

Cone tops, pressure allowable on 16 

Concave and convex heads of boilers, pressure allowable on 12 

Corrugated flues, manner of ascertaining thickness of 1G 

Copper pipes, steam, thickness of .. . 19 

Copper and brass tubes, water-tube boilers using liquid fuel 32 

Date of building of boiler '. 22 

Diagonal stays, area of 9 

Donkey boilers, inspection of 8 

Drilled rivet holes required 4 

Drilling to determine thickness of plate of old boilers 6 

Drums and heads of water-tube boilers 32 

Feed and steam pipes 19 

Feed water, temperature of 21 

Fittings of boilers, material for 20 

Flanges of copper pipes 19 

Flanges of wrought-iron and steel steam pipes 19 

Flash boilers 24 

Flat heads 01 boilers, pressure allowable on 12 

Flat surfaces, pressure allowable on 11 

Fox type of furnace flue, pressure allowable on 1(5, 17 

Flues, riveted and lap-welded, table of pressure allowable on. . . 14, 15 
Flues, space required between flues and shell of externally fired 

boilers 31 

Flues used as furnaces, pressure allowable on 16 

Funfaces, pressure allowable on 16 

Furnaces, requirements of steel for 16 

Furnace shell, top of, to be of same thickness as cylindrical shell. 3 

Fusible plugs 23 

Girders, pressure allowable on 10 

Gauge cocks, number of, and how to be inserted 24 

Gauges, steam, kind admissable 25 

Gauges, low-water guard to prevent getting into steam pipe 24 

Gauges, low-water, in use prior to February, 1872 24 

Gauges, low-water, for horizontal cylindrical boilers 24 

(ranges to record steam pressure correctly to be attached 25 

Heads, concave and convex, pressure allowable on 12 

Heads of drums, tubulous boilers, construction of 32 

Heads of boilers, western river steamers, thickness of 31 

Holes cut in boilers to be strengthened 19 

Hobs cut in bilge or bottom to be accessible 27 

Hydrostatic pressure, proportion applied to steam pressure al- 
lowed 7 

Hydrostatic pressure required for coil and pipe boilers 32 

Huston type brace, strain allowable on, and bending test required. 9 

Leeds suspension bull) furnace 16 

Lever safety valves prohibited on boilers built after June 30, 1906 . 26 

Limiting formula for pressure on flues Hi 



16 

Section. 

(II) Linings of steam chimneys, pressure allowable on 17 

Low-water gauge, western river steamers 31 

Location of fusible plugs 23 

Main steam pipe, thickness of, and pressure allowable on 13 

Manhole and hand-hole openings, construction of 19 

Manholes, dimensions of 30, 31 

Manifolds, tees, return bends, of malleable iron or cast steel, pres- 
sure for 32 

Manufacturer of steel boiler tubes required to furnish reports of i 

physical tests 13 

Manufacturers of boilers required to furnish affidavit of tests of 

steel braces 9 

Manufacturers of boilers to furnish statement descriptive of boiler 

and affidavit 1 

Maximum pitch of stays on flat surfaces 11 

Morison type of corrugated furnace, pressure allowable on 16, 17 

Mud-drum connections, diameter of 19 

Pitch of stays, maximum, on flat surfaces 11 

Plate containing certain data to be attached to boilers 22 

Porcupine boilers, pressure allowable on 32 

Pressure, steam, how to determine 2 

Pressure allowable on boilers made since February 28, 1872 33 

Pressure allowable on linings of steam chimneys 17 

Pressure, steam, allowed on stays 9 

Pressure allowable on girders 10 

Pressure, hydrostatic, how applied to boilers with steam chimneys . 7 
Pressure, hydrostatic, proportion applied to steam pressure al- 
lowed 7 

Pressure allowed to boilers ten years ol'd or more, how to deter- 
mine. .-. 6 

Pressure allowable on plain flues 16 

Plain flues used as lining 17 

Purves type of furnace flue, pressure allowable on 16, 17 

Ribbed flues, manner of ascertaining thickness of 16 

Rivet holes must be drilled and no part punched 4 

Safety valves, construction and attachments of 26 

Sea cocks, construction of * 27 

Shell plates to be rolled to form of shell with grain of.material 3 

Socket bolts, when used on linings 18 

Stays and braces, strains allowable on 9 

Steam chimneys, construction of 17 

, Steam and mud drums. 31 

Steam drums, when may be made of copper or brass , 32 

Steel for furnaces, tensile strength and elongation required 32 

Stop valves between check valves and steam and feed pipes 28 

Tubes made of copper or brass 32 

Tube plates, pressure allowable on 14 

Tubes made of charcoal iron, Bessemer, acid, or basic open-hearth 

mild steel, tests and reports required 13 

Tubes, thickness of material required for 13 

Vertical boiler type, pressure allowable on flues of 16 

Water glass required on all boilers 24 

Woodwork and boilers, space required between 29 

§ 4405, r. s. i . The manufacturer of any boiler to be used 'for marine 

purposes shall furnish the inspectors of the district where 
such boiler or boilers are to be inspected duplicate blue- 
prints or tracings descriptive of same for their approval, 
one of which shall be kept on file in the office of the local 
inspectors and the other returned to the manufacturer. 
Where more than one boiler is made from a similar design, 
a drawing of which is on file in the local inspector's office, 
if made at a different date, a reference to such drawing on 
file is all that shall be required. The manufacturer shall 



17 

also furnish the inspectors a written statement of the kind (II, 1) 
of material and size ot rivets to be used in the construc- 
tion of such boiler, the size and longitudinal and diagonal 
pitch of the rivet holes in same, and distance from center 
of rivet holes to edge of plate, as well as the affidavit 
required, by section 9 of Rule I, subscribed to either by 
himself or authorized agent having superintendence of 
the construction of such boiler. 

CYLINDRICAL SHELLS. 

2. The working steam pressure allowable on cylindrical § 4433, R - s - 
shells of boilers constructed of plates inspected as re- 
quired by these rules, when, single riveted, shall not pro- 
duce a strain to exceed one-sixth of the tensile strength of 

the iron or steel plates of which such boilers are con- 
structed; but where the longitudinal laps of the cylindri- 
cal parts of such boilers are double riveted, and the rivet 
holes for such boilers have been fairly drilled, an addition 
of 20 per cent to the working pressure provided for single 
riveting will be allowed. 

The pressure for any dimension of boilers not found in 
the table annexed to these rules must be ascertained by 
the following rule, viz: 

Multiply one-sixth of the lowest tensile strength found 
stamped on any plate in the cylindrical shell by the thick- 
ness — expressed in inches or parts of an inch — of the thin- 
nest plate in the same cylindrical shell, and divide by the 
radius or half diameter — also expressed in inches — and the 
result will be the pressure allowable per square inch of 
surface for single riveting, to which add 20 per cent for 
double riveting, when all the rivet holes in the shell of 
such boiler have been "fairly drilled" and no part of such 
holes has been punched. 

3. Plates of iron or steel, used in the construction of §44is, r. s. 
boilers, extending beyond the cylindrical shell to the front 

of the boiler over the furnaces, shall extend at least 12 
inches below the center of the shell, and shall not be of 
less tensile strength or thickness than the adjoining sheets 
in the cylindrical portions of the shell, and the sheets form- 
ing the shell shall be rolled to form of shell with the grain 
of the material. 

RIVET HOLES AND BUTT STRAPS. 

4. All boilers built for marine purposes shall be required §§ 44is, 4433, 
to have the rivet holes in the shells, heads, and flanges of R " 

same, steam and mud drums, and holes for stay bolts and 
tubes fairly drilled and no part of such holes shall be 
punched. 

The diameter of rivets, rivet holes, distance between 
centers of rivets, and distance from centers of rivets to 
edge of lap for different thicknesses of plates for single 
and double riveting shall be determined by the following 
rule: 

(See Appendix, pp. 120-126.) 
26191—07 2 



18 

(II) 5. Where butt straps are used in the construction of 

marine boilers, the straps for single butt strapping shall 
in no case be less than the thickness of the shell plates; 
and where double butt straps are used, the thickness of 
each shall in no case be less than five-eighths (f ) the thick- 
ness of the shell plates. 



4430, R. S. 



4418, R. S. 



DRILLING TO DETERMINE THICKNESS. 

6. Any boiler ten years old or more shall, at the first 
annual inspection thereafter, be drilled at points near the 
water line and at bottom of shell of boiler, or such other 
points as the local inspectors may direct, to determine the 
thickness of such material at those points; and the steam 
pressures allowed shall be governed by such ascertained 
thickness and the general condition of the boiler. 

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE. 

7. The hydrostatic pressure applied must be in the pro- 
portion of 150 pounds to the square inch to 100 pounds 
to the square inch of the steam pressure allowed, and the 
inspector, after applying the hydrostatic test, must thor- 
oughly examine every part of the boiler. 

In applying the hydrostatic test to boilers with a steam 
chimney the test gauge should be applied to the water 
line of such boilers. 

DONKEY BOILERS. 

§ 4418, r. s. 8. Every seagoing steamer carrying passengers for hire 

shall be supplied with an auxiliary or donkey boiler of 
sufficient capacity to work the fire pumps, and such boilers 
shall not be placed below the lower decks, except on single- 
deck vessels, on any steamer hereafter built or applying 
for first inspection as a passenger steamer. 

Donkey boilers must be inspected in the same manner 
as the main boilers. 

STAYS. 



R.S. 



4405, 4418, 9. The maximum stress in pounds allowable per square 
inch of cross-sectional area for stays used in the construc- 
tion of marine boilers, when same are accurately fitted and 
properly secured, shall be ascertained by the following 
formula : 

p AXC 



Where P — working pressure in pounds. 

A = least cross-sectional area of stay in inches. 
a = area of surface supported by one stay, in 

inches. 
C =a constant, 6,000, 7,000, 8,000, 9,000, as the 

case may be. 
C =9,000 for tested steel stays exceeding 2| 

inches in diameter. 



10 

Where C =8,000 for tested steel slays 1 j inches and not (II, 9) 
exceeding 2\ inches in diameter, when such 
sta} r s are not forged or welded. The ends, 
however, may be upset to a sufficient diam- 
eter to allow for the depth of the thread. 
The diameter shall be taken at the bottom 
of the thread, provided it is the least diam- 
eter of the stay. All such stays after being 
upset shall be thoroughly annealed. 

C =8,000 for a tested Huston or similar type of 
brace, the cross-sectional area of which 
exceeds 5 square inches. 

C =7,000 for such tested braces when the cross- 
sectional area is not less than 1.227 and not 
more than 5 square inches, provided such 
braces are prepared at one heat from a 
solid piece of plate without welds. 

C =6,000 for all stays not otherwise provided for. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the working pressure of a stay 1 inch in diam- 
eter, pitched 6 inches by 6 inches center to center. 

w i- (1 XI X.7854) X6,000 1onn , 

Working pressure =^_i ' ' =130.9 pounds. 

o X to 

TO DETERMINE THE AREAS OF DIAGONAL STAYS, 

Multiply the area of a direct stay required to support 
the surface by the slant or diagonal length of the stay; 
divide this product by the length of a line drawn at right 
angles to surface supported to center of palm of diagonal 
stay. The quotient will be the required area of the diag- 
onal stay. 



> aXL 



1 

Where A = sectional area of diagonal stay. 
a =sectional area of direct stay. 
L = length of diagonal stay. 
1 = length of line drawn at right angles to boiler 
head or surface supported to center of 
palm of diagonal stay. 
Given diameter of direct stay = 1 inch, a =.7854, L =60 
inches, 1 =48 inches, substituting and solving, 

A= ' 78 48 X6 ° = ' 981 sectional area - 

Diameter =1.11 inch =1J inch. 

The diameter of a screw stay shall be taken at the bot- 
tom of the thread, provided it is the least diameter of the 

stay. 



20 

(II, 9) For all stays the least sectional area shall be taken in 

calculating the stress allowable. 

All screw stay bolts shall be drilled at the ends with a 
one-eighth inch hole to at least a depth of one-half inch 
beyond the inside surface of the sheet. Stays through 
laps or butt strans may be drilled with larger hole to a 
depth so that the inner end of said larger hole shall not be 
nearer than the thickness of the boiler plates from the 
inner surface of the boiler. 

Such screw stay bolts, with or without sockets, may be 
used in the construction of marine boilers where fresh 
water is used for generating steam: Provided, however, 
That screw stay bolts of a greater length than 24 inches 
will not be allowed in any instance, unless the ends of said 
bolts are fitted with nuts. -Water used from a surface 
condenser shall be deemed fresh water. 

Holes for screwed stays must be tapped fair and true, 
and full thread. 

The ends of stays which are upset to include the depth 
of thread shall be thoroughly annealed after being upset. 

The sectional area of pins to resist double shear and 
bending, accurately fitted and secured in crow feet, sling, 
and similar stays, shall be at least equal to required sec- 
tional area of the brace. Breadth across each side and 
depth to crown of eye shall be not less than .35 to .55 of 
diameter of pin. In order to compensate for inaccurate 
distribution the forks should be proportioned to support 
two-thirds of the load, thickness of forks to be not less 
than .66 to .75 of the diameter of pins. 

The combined sectional area of rivets used nr securing 
tee irons and crow feet to shell, said rivets being in tension, 
shall be not less than the required sectional area of brace. 
To insure a well-proportioned rivet point, the total length 
of shank shall closely approximate the grip plus 1.5 times 
the diameter of the shank. All rivet holes shall be drilled. 
Distance from center of rivet hole to edge of tee irons, 
crow feet, and similar fastenings shall be so proportioned 
that the net" sectional areas through sides at rivet holes 
shall equal the required rivet section. Rivet holes shall 
be slightly countersunk in order to form a fillet at point 
and head. 

All steel bars used as stays or braces and braces of the 
Huston type to be allowed a stress of 7,000, 8,000, or 9,000 
pounds per square inch of section shall be tested by the 
inspectors, in lots not to exceed 50 bars, in the following 
manner: Inspectors shall select one bar or brace from each 
lot and bend one end of such bar or brace cold to a curve, 
the inner radius of which is equal to one and one-half 
times the diameter of the test bars or the thickness of the 
brace, as the case may be, without flaws or cracks; and 
should any such test bar or brace fail in the test, the lot 
from which the test bar or brace was taken shall not be 
allowed to be used in the construction of marine boilers. 



21 

Boiler manufacturers desiring to use tested steel stays (II, 9) 
or braces shall be required to furnish the inspectors with 
the following form of affidavit duly filled in: 

[Form 937.] 

State of , County of , ss: 

Personally appeared before me, a notary public for and in the county 

of and State of , Mr. , who, being first duly 

sworn, deposes and says that he is the of the steam boiler works 

situated at , and known as the , and that the lot or lots of 

steel bars from which the test bars were taken and tested by the 

inspector on the day of , 190-, and allowed for use in the 

steam boiler- to be constructed for the steamer , and to be 

allowed a strain not to exceed pounds per square inch of section 

as a working steam pressure, will be used in the construction of the 

boiler- for the steamer , and no material for any braces, stays, 

or stay bolts required to carry a strain equal to pounds per 

square inch of section will be used as braces, stays, or stay bolts in the 
construction of the boiler- for the said steamer unless tested by the 
inspector and approved by him in accordance with the requirements 
of law. 



Sworn to and subscribed before me this day of , 190-. 

[notary's seal.] , 

Notary Public. 

TOPS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS AND BACK CONNECTIONS. 

10. Formula for girders over back connection and other § 4418 > R - s - 
flat surfaces: 

Working pressure = (w - P) x D X L 

Where W = width of combustion box in inches. 

P = pitch of supporting bolts in inches. 

D = distance between girders from center to 
center in inches. 

L = length of girder in feet. 

d = depth of girder in inches. 

T = thickness of girder in inches. • 

C = 550 when the girder is fitted with one 
supporting bolt. 

C = 825 when the girder is fitted with two or 
three supporting bolts. 

C = 935 when the girder is fitted with four sup- 
porting bolts. 

EXAMPLE. 

Given W=34 inches, P = 7.5 inches, D = 7.75 inches, 
L= 2.927 feet, d = 7.5 inches, T = 2 inches, C = 825, then, 
substituting in formula, 

8^5 X7 5X7 5 X ^ 
Working pressures (g4 ~ ?5) x ? ^ x ^ = 154. 3 pounds. 



22 

(II) FLAT SURFACES. 

§ 4418, it. s. 1 1 § Th e maximum stress allowable on flat plates sup- 

ported by stays shall be determined by the following 
formula: v 

All stayed surfaces formed to a curve the radius of 
which is over 21 inches, excepting surfaces otherwise pro- 
vided for, shall be deemed flat surfaces. 

CxT 2 
Working pressure = — p%— 

Where T = thickness of plates in sixteenths of an inch. 

P = greatest pitch of stays in inches. 

C=112 for screw stays with riveted heads, 
plates seven-sixteenths of an inch thick 
and under. 

C=120 for screw stays with riveted heads, 
plates above seven-sixteenths of an inch 
thick. 

C= 120 for screw stays with nuts, plates seven- 
sixteenths of an inch thick and under. 

C= 125 for screw stays with nuts, plates above 
seven-sixteenths of an inch thick and 
under nine-sixteenths of an inch. 

0=135 for screw stays with nuts, plates nine- 
sixteenths of an inch thick and above. 

C--=170 for stays with double nuts having one 
nut on the inside and one nut on the out- 
side of plate, without washers or doubling 
plates. 

C= 180 for stays fitted with washers or doubling 
strips which have a thickness of at least 
.5 of the thickness of the plate and a 
diameter of at least .5 of the greatest 
pitch of the stay, riveted to the outside 
of the plates, and stays having one nut 
inside of the plate, and one nut outside 
of the washer or doubling strip. For T 
take 72 per cent of the combined thick- 
ness of the plate and washer or plate or 
doubling strip. 

= 200 for stays fitted with doubling strips 
which have a thickness equal to at least 
•.5 of the thickness of the plate reinforced, 
and covering the full area braced (up to 
the curvature of the flange, if any,) riv- 
eted to either the inside or outside of the 
plate, and stays having one nut outside 
and one inside of the plates. Washers 
or doubling plates to be substantially riv- 
eted. For T take 72 per cent of the com- 
bined thickness of the two plates. 



23 

Where = 200 for stays with plates stiffened with tees (II, 11) 
or angle-bars having a thickness of at 
least two-thirds the thickness of plate 
and depth of webs at least one-fourth of 
the greatest pitch of the stays, and sub- 
stantially riveted on the inside of the 
plates, and stays having one nut inside 
bearing on washers fitted to the edges of 
the webs, that are at right angles to the 
plate. For T take 72 per cent of the 
combined thickness of web and plate. 
No such flat plates or surfaces shall be unsupported at 

a greater distance than 18 inches. 

Required the working pressure allowed for flat plates 

seven-sixteenths of an inch thick, stayed 5-inch by 6-inch 

centers : 

Working pressure = — * = 152pounds. 
36 

For a plate three-fourths of an inch thick, stayed 
9-inch by 10-inch centers: 

Working pressure = — -~- — =172 pounds. 

For a plate nine-sixteenths of an inch thick, screw 
stays with nuts, stays pitched 9-inch by 10-inch centers: 

Working pressure = =109 pounds. 

For a plate three-fourths of an inch thick, supported 
by stays with double nuts, without washers or doubling 
plates, 10-inch by 12-inch centers: 

w i • 170X144 ,„. 
Working pressure = -— ■ — =170 pounas. 

For plate one-half inch thick, with washers three- 
eighths of an inch thick, stayed 10-inch by 12-inch cen- 
ters : 

w t • 160X101.60 110 j 

Working pressure = — — — — =112 pounds. 

For plate five-eighths of an inch thick, with doubling 
plate seven-sixteenths of an inch thick, stayed 14-inch by 
14-inch centers: 

Working pressure = 200 **f 9,81 =152 pounds. 

196 

For plate five-eighths of an inch thick, with tees or 
angle bars one-half of an inch thick, stayed by 14 by 14- 
inch centers: 

Working pressure = g00x 167.96 = m poimdg 

Plates heated for working must be annealed afterwards. 



24 

(II) REQUIREMENTS FOR HEADS. 

§ 4418, r. s. 12. All plates used as heads, when new and made to 
practically true circles, and as described below, shall be 
allowed a steam pressure in accordance with the following 
formula : 

CONVEX HEADS. 

P== TXS 
R 

Where P = steam pressure allowable in pounds. 
T = thickness of plate in inches. 
S = one-sixth of the tensile strength. 
R = one-half of the radius to which the head is 
bumped. 
Add 20 per cent to P when the head is double riveted 
to the shell and the holes are fairly drilled. 

CONCAVE HEADS. 

For concave heads the pressure allowable will be .6 
times the pressure allowable for convex heads. 

Note. — To find the radius of a sphere of which the bumped head 
forms a part, square the radius of head, divide this by the height of 
bump required; to the result add height of bump, which will equal 
diameter of sphere, one-half of which will be the required radius. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the working pressure of a convex head of a 
54-inch radfus, material 60,000 pounds tensile strength 
and J of an inch thick, double riveted and holes fairly 
drilled. Substituting values, we have 



P = 



.5X10,000 

~ + 20 P er cent =185 +37 = 222 pounds. 



The pressure allowable on a concave head of the same 
dimensions would be : 

222 X.6 =133 pounds. 

Bumped heads may contain a manhole opening flanged 
inwardly, when such flange is turned to a depth of three 
times the thickness of the material in the head. 

FLAT HEADS. 

Where flat heads do not exceed 20 inches in diameter 
they may be used without being stayed, and the steam 
pressure allowable shall be determined by the following 
formula : 

r _ CxT 



25 

Where P = steam pressure allowable in pounds. 

T — thickness of material in sixteenths of an inch. 
A = one-half the area of head in inches. 
C = 1 1 2 for plates T \ of an inch and under. 
C = 120 for plates over T \ of an inch. 

Provided, The flanges are made to an inside radius of at 
least 1$ inches. 



(II, 12) 



EXAMPLE. 



Required the working pressure of a flat head 20 inches 

in diameter and | of an inch thick. Substituting values, 

we have 

_, 120X144 , 

— 7-^ — = 110 pounds. 



15' 



TUBES. 



13. Lap- welded tubes, used in boilers whose construc- 
tion was commenced after June 30, 1905, having a thick- 
ness of material according to their respective diameters, 
shall be allowed a working pressure as prescribed in the 
following table, provided they are deemed safe by the 
inspectors : 



4418, R. S. 



Outside 
diameter. 


Thickness 
of material. 


Greatest 
length 

allowable. 


Maximum 
pressure 
allowable. 


Inches. 
1 

H 
H 

if 

2 

21 
2£ 
2| 

3 

3£ 
3| 

4 

H 

5 
6 


Inch. 
.072 
.072 
.083 
.095 
.095 
.095 
.109 
.109 
.109 
.120 
.120 
.120 
.134 
.134 
.148 
.165 


Feet. 
Any length . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


Pounds. 
225 
225 
225 
225 
225 
225 
225 
225 
225 
225 
• 225 
225 
225 
225 
225 
225 



MAIN STEAM PIPE. 

The thickness of and pressure allowed on main steam 
pipe constructed of riveted iron or steel plates that have 
been stamped and tested as required by section 4430, lie- 
vised Statutes, shall be determined in the same manner 
as required by section 4433, Revised Statutes, to deter- 
mine the pressure allowable on boilers. 

The thickness of and steam pressure allowable on all 
lap-welded main steam pipe of wrought iron or steel shall 
be determined by the following formulas: 

1 10,000 + - 12 ° 

^ (T -.125) X 10,000 
F ~ D 



26 

(II, 13) Where P = pressure of steam allowable in pounds. 
T = thickness of pipe. 
D = diameter of pipe. 

EXAMPLE. 

Given P = 200 pounds pressure. D = 5 inches in diam- 
eter. Substituting and solving for T, 

200 X 5 
T= ^ooO +.136 = .225 inch. 

Substituting and solving for P, 

_ (.225-.125)XlO,000 onn , 

P = '- — - = 200 pounds. 

o 

LAP-WELDED BOILER TUBES UP TO AND INCLUDING 4 
INCHES IN DIAMETER. f 

All lap-welded tubes shall be made of charcoal iron, or 
mild steel, made by any process. 

SURFACE INSPECTION. 

Tubes shall be free from defective welds, cracks, blis- 
ters, scale, pits, and sand marks. 



The following tests shall be made before shipment by 
the manufacturer: 

(a) A test piece 2 inches in length cut from a tube must 
stand being flattened by hammering until the sides are 
brought parallel with the curve on the inside at the ends 
not greater than three times the thickness of the metal 
without showing cracks or flaws, with bend at one side 
being in the weld. 

(b) A second tube shall have a flange turned over at 
right angles to the bod}' of the tube and shall have a 
width equal to three-eighths of an inch. 

All the work shall be done cold. 

Each tube shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic 
pressure of 500 pounds per square inch without showing 
signs of weakness or defects. 

All steel tubes shall have ends properly annealed by the 
manufacturer before shipment, and must stand expand- 
ing, flanging over on the tube plate, and beading without 
flaw, crack, or opening at weld. 

LAP-WELDED BOILER TUBES OVER 4 INCHES UP TO AND 
INCLUDING 30 INCHES IN DIAMETER. 



All lap-welded boiler tubes over 4 inches in diameter, 
up to and including 30 inches in diameter, shall be made 
rought iron or mild steel, made by any process. 



ii]) t< 
of w 



"■7 

_ i 



(a) A test piece, 2 inches in length, cut from a tube, (II, 13) 
must stand being flattened by hammering until the sides 
are brought parallel with the curve on the inside at the 
ends hot greater than three times the thickness of the 
metal without showing cracks or flaws, with bend at one 
side in the weld. 

Each tube shall be subjected to" an internal hydrostatic 
pressure of 500 pounds per square inch without showing 
signs of weakness or defects. 

All steel tubes shall have ends properly annealed by the 
manufacturer before shipment. Tubes must stand drill- 
ing, riveting, and calking, and work necessary to install 
them into the tube head without showing any signs of 
weakness or defects. 

No tube increased in thickness by welding one tube 
inside of another shall be allowed for use. 

SEAMLESS STEEL BOILER TUBES. 
MATERIAL. 

The steel shall be made by the open-hearth process. 

SURFACE INSPECTION. 

• 

Tubes must be free from all surface defects. The defects 
to be particularly avoided in seamless tubes are tears, 
snakes, checks, slivers, scratches, laps, pits, rings, and 
sinks. 

All seamless steel cold-drawn tubes shall be annealed 
as a final process. One or more tubes shall be selected at 
random from each charge of annealing furnace, and cou- 
pons cut from same for testing. 

(a) A piece 3 inches long cut from the first tube must 
stand being flattened by hammering until the sides are 
brought parallel with a curve on the inside at the ends 
not greater than three times the thickness of the metal, 
without showing cracks or flaws. 

(/>) A flange shall be turned all around the end of the 
tube to a width equal to three-eighths of an inch beyond 
the outside body of the tube. 

Tests (a) and (b) shall be done cold. 

Where hot-finished tubes are furnished, the tubes shall 
pass the same manipulating tests as cold-drawn tubes, and 
shall be subject to the same conditions as to gauge, but do 
not have to be annealed. 

Each tube shall be subject to an internal hydrostatic 
pressure of 1,000 pounds per square inch without showing " 
signs of weakness or defects. 

All tubes must stand expanding, flanging over on the 
tube plate, and beading without flaw or crack. 

All individual tubes must be carefully gauged with a 
Birmingham wire gauge, and must come within the limits 
of one gauge under or one gauge over the specified 
thickness. 



28 

(II, 13) WELDED STEAM AND WATER PIPES. 

From one-eighth of an inch inside diameter up to and 
including 30 inches inside diameter. 

The pipe shall be made of wrought iron or mild steel, 
smooth, straight, and free from defects. 

Threaded pipe of standard thickness shall be avoided 
as far as possible. In steam pipes it is a yery serious 
. matter and shall not be allowed in any case on standard 
pipe over 5 inches diameter. 



The following tests shall be made before shipment by 
the manufacturer: 

One-eighth inch inside diameter up to and including 3 J 
inches inside diameter shall be tested before shipment to 
600 pounds per square inch hydrostatic pressure and not 
subject to any other test. 

Four inches inside diameter up to and including 12 
inches inside diameter. 

Thirteen inches outside diameter up to and including 30 
inches outside diameter. 

(a) A test piece 2 inches in length cut from a pipe must 
stand being flattened by hammering until the sides are 
brought parallel with the curve on the inside at the ends 
not greater than three times the thickness of the metal 
without showing cracks or flaws, with bend at one side 
being in the weld. 

(b) Pulling tests must be made from every 50 pieces 
furnished, or fraction thereof, and must show the follow- 
ing results: 

For steel. — Tensile strength not less than 50,000 pounds 
per square inch. Elongation in 8-inch specimen, not less 
than 20 per cent. 

For iron. — Tensile strength not less than 44,000 pounds 
per square inch. Elongation in 8-inch specimens, not less 
than 12 per cent. 

All pipe from 4-inch diameter up to and including 30- 
inch diameter shall be tested before shipment to not less 
than 500 pounds per square inch hydrostatic pressure. 

SEAMLESS STEEL STEAM AND WATER PIPES. 

MATERIAL. 

The steel shall be made by the open-hearth process. 

SURFACE INSPECTION. 

Pipe must be free, inside and outside, from all surface 
defects that would materially weaken it or form starting 
points of corrosion. The defects to be especially avoided 
are snakes, checks, slivers, laps, pits, etc. Pipe must be 
smooth and straight. 



29 

TESTS. (Jl } 13) 

The following tests shall be made before shipment by 
the manufacturer : 

(a) A test piece, 2 inches in length, cut from a tube, 
must stand being flattened by hammering until the sides 
are brought parallel with the curve on the inside at the 
ends not greater than three times the thickness of the 
metal without showing cracks or flaws. 

( b) Pulling tests must be made from every 50 pieces fur- 
nished, or fraction thereof, and must show the following 
results : 

. Tensile strength, not less than 48,000 pounds per square 
inch. 

Elongation in 8-inch specimen, not less than 12 per cent. 

The results of the pulling tests must be forwarded by 
the manufacturer to the purchaser of steam pipe, who will 
forward same to the local inspector. 

Any pipe used for mud or steam drums must have the 
ends of same properly annealed before the holes are drilled 
or the heads are riveted in: Provided, That this paragraph 
shall apply only to drums not exceeding 15 inches in 
diameter for use on pipe and coil boilers. 

When pipe is used for steam lines where flanges are 
riveted on and calked, the ends of the pipe shall be 
properly annealed before drilling or riveting the flanges on. 

When pipes are expanded into flanges by proper and 
approved machinery, and flared out at the ends to an 
angle not exceeding 20° (said angle to be taken in the 
direction of the length of the pipe) and having a depth of 
flare equal to at least one and one-half times the thickness 
of the material in said pipe, such pipes may be used for 
all steam and exhaust pipes when tested to two and one- 
half times the working pressure and found perfect in 
every respect. 

If the pipe is used for steam lines where the pipe is 
peened in and flanged over, the ends of the pipe should be 
properly annealed before the peening or flanging is done. 

The use of a square-nosed tool is recommended for cut- 
ting tubes and pipe. 

Provided, That this entire section 13 shall apply only 
to tubes and pipes used or to be used in boilers built after 
June 30, 1905, and to all other pipes referred to in this 
section subject to pressure installed for use on steam 
vessels after that date. 

ANGLE STIFFENERS FOR CURVED SURFACES. 

14. Where rounded bottoms of combustion chambers § 4418, r. s. 
are stiffened with single angle-iron stiffeners, such angles 
shall have a thickness of leaf eight-tenths that of the plate, 
and a depth of at least one-half pitch. Where stiffened 
with double angle irons or tee bars, such angles or tee 
bars shall have a thickness of leaf at least two-thirds that 



30 

(II, 14) of plate, and a depth of at least one-fourth of pitch. Said 
angles or tee bars shall be substantially riveted to the 
plate supported. 

Where rounded tops of combustion chambers are 
stiffened with single or double angle-iron stiffeners, or tee 
bars, such angles or tee bars shall be of thickness and depth 
of leaf not less than specified for rounded bottoms of com- 
bustion chambers. Said angles or tee bars shall be sup- 
ported on thimbles and riveted through with rivets not 
less than one inch in diameter, and spaced not to exceed 
six inches between centers. 

Working pressure allowed on rounded surfaces sup- 
ported by angle irons or tee bars shall be determined by 
the following formula: 

C XT 2 
Working pressure =^ — ^ 

Where T = thickness of plate in sixteenths of an inch. 
P = pitch of angle or tee stiffeners in inches. 
D = diameter of curve to which plate is bent, in 

inches. 
C =900, a constant. 

EXAlirLE. 

Given T = T \ of an inch. P =7 inches. D =51 inches. 
Substituting values in formula and solving, 

Working pressure = ,- * = 204 pounds per square 
inch. 

TUBE PLATE. 

- ( D-d)TxC 
r_ WXD 

Where P = working pressure in pounds. 

D = least horizontal distance between tube cen- 
ters in inches. 
d = inside diameter of tubes in inches. 
T = thickness of tube plate in inches. 
W = extreme width of combustion chamber in 

inches. 
C = 27,000. 
Required the working pressure of a tube sheet sup- 
porting a crown sheet braced by crown bars. Horizon- 
tal distance between centers, 4 J inches; inside diameter 
of tubes, 2.782 inches; thickness of tube sheets, eleven- 
sixteenths of an inch; extreme width of combustion 
chamber, 34 £ inches, measured from outside of tube 
plate to outside of back plate; material steel. Substi- 
tuting and solving: 

(4.125 1 2.782) X. 087.5 X 27, 000 = 176 poluldsl>ressure . 
r 34.25X4.125 l l 



31 

The compressive stress on tube plates, as determined (II, 14) 
by the following formula, must not exceed 13,500 pounds 
per square inch, when pressure on tops of combustion 
chamber is supported by vertical plates of such chamber. 

PXDXW 
u ~2 (D-d) T 

Where C = stress on tube sheet. 

P = working pressure in pounds. 
D = least horizontal distance between tube cen- 
ters in inches, 
d = inside diameter of tube in inches. 
W = extreme width of combustion chamber in 

inches. 
T = thickness of tube sheet in inches. 
Sling stays may be used in lieu of girders in all cases, 
provided, however, that when such sling stays are used, 
girders or screw stays of the same sectional area must 
be used for securing the bottom of combustion chamber 
to the boiler shell. 

When girders are dispensed with and the top and bot- 
tom of combustion chambers are secured by sling stays 
or braces, the sectional area of such stays must conform 
with the requirements of Section 9, Rule II. 

The. following drawings show an excellent practice of 
constructing combustion chambers with and without 
sling stays : 



32 



(II, 14) 













No. 1.— Full Load on Tube Sheet and Back Plate. 

Diameter of hangers should be sufficient to carry the weight of combustion chamber and one-half 
the tubes and furnaces when no water is in boiler. No effect of buoyancy is considered. 

These remarks are for separate combustion chambers when they are not secured to the shell at the 
bottom and therefore liable to bend the small screw stays. 

In this case the tube sheet and back plate get the full compressive load in a similar manner to a 
boiler without hanging stays. 



33 




(II, 14) 



No. 2.— Nearly whole Compressive Load taken off Tube Sheet. 

Top hanging stays take full compressive load off tube sheet and back plate, except that half the 
load on unsupported portions marked B beyond stays will be taken by the tube sheet and back plate, 
respectively, and the other half bv the last stays. . , 

The thickness of tube sheet and'baek plate ma v be materially reduced from what would be required 
when tube sheet and back plate take full compressive load, providing that combustion chamber la 
well stayed to take full load at the bottom by screw stays or girders of plates and angles. 

26191—07 3 



34 



(II, 14) 




No. 3.— Nearly whole Compressive Load taken off Tube Siiekt. 

Top hanging stays take full compressive load off tube sheet and back plate, except that half the 
load on unsupported portions marked B beyond stays will be taken by the tube sheet and back plate, 
respectively, and the other half by the last stays. 

The bottom stays, whether of screw stays or girders of plates and angles, must be of the same sec- 
tional area as the top braces, and no boiler should be built having top stays as shown without having 
the bottom stays of equal strength. 



35 




(II, 11) 



No. 4. — Tuhi; Sukkt and BACK Pi.atk gkt Fiu. Load, 
and therefore should be heavy enough to withstand such. 



36 



(II, 14) 




No. 5.— Tube Sheets each take part op Compressive Load, the Hanging Stays taking care 

of the other part. 

The bottom stays, whether of screw stays or girders of plates and angles, must be of the same sec- 
tional area as the top braces. , , m , . , , , . • _ 

In this case the thickness of the tube sheets may be materially reduced from what would be required 
when tube sheets together take full compressive load. 



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39 

FLUES. (II) 



15, The preceding table shall include all such riveted 
and lap-welded Hues exceeding 6 inches in diameter and 
not exceeding 40 inches in diameter not otherwise pro- 
vided for by law. 

For any such Hue requiring more pressure than is given 
in table, the same will be determined by proportion of 
thickness to any given pressure in table to thickness for 
pressure required, as per example : 

A Hue not over 19 inches in diameter and 3 feet long 
requires a thickness of .39 of an inch for 176 pounds pres- 
sure; what thiekress would be required for 250 pounds 



pressure ? 



176 : 250 :: .39 : .5539, 



or a thickness of .554 inch. 

Or, if .39 inch thickness gives a pressure of 176 pounds, 
what will .554 inch thickness give? 



r> J 



4418, R. S. 



.39 : .554 :: 176 : 250 pounds required. 

And all such flues shall be made in sections, according to 
their respective diameters, not to exceed the lengths pre- 
scribed in the table, and such sections shall be properly 
fitted one into the other and substantially riveted, and the 
thickness of material required for any such flue of a given 
diameter shall in no case be less than the least thickness 
prescribed in the table for any such given diameter; and 
all such flues may be allowed the prescribed working 
steam pressure if, in the opinion of the inspectors, it is 
deemed safe to make such allowance. Inspectors are 
therefore required, from actual measurement of each flue, 
to make such reduction from the prescribed working 
steam pressure for any material deviation in the uni- 
formity of the thickness of material, or for any material 
deviation in the form of the flue from that of a true circle, 
as in their judgment the safety of navigation may require. 

FVRXACES. 

16. The tensile strength of steel used in constructing § 4418 » RS - 
furnaces shall not exceed 67,000, and be not less than 
58,000 pounds. The minimum elongation in 8 inches 
shall be 20 per cent. 

All corrugated furnaces having plain parts at the ends 
not exceeding 9 inches in length (except flues especially 
provided for), when new, and made to practically true 
circles, shall be allowed a steam pressure in accordance 
with the following formula: 

P _CxT 

J) 



40 

(II 16) • LEEDS SUSPENSION BULB FURNACE. 

P _CxT 
D 

Where P = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness in inches, not less than five-six- 
teenths of an inch. 

D =mean diameter in inches. 

C =a constant, 17,300, determined from an ac- 
tual destructive test under the supervision 
of the Board, when corrugations are not 
more than 8 inches from center to center, 
and not less than 2\ inches deep. 

MORISON CORRUGATED TYPE. 

p _CxT 
D 

Where P = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness in inches,, not less than five -six- 
teenths of an inch. 

D =mean diameter in inches. 

C =15,600, a constant, determined from an ac- 
tual destructive test under the supervision 
of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, 
when corrugations are not more than 8 
inches from center to center, and the ra- 
dius of the outer corrugations is not more 
than one-half of the suspension curve. 

[In calculating the mean diameter of the Morison fur- 
nace, the least inside diameter plus 2 inches may be taken 
as the mean diameter, thus — 

Mean diameter = least inside diameter +2 inches.l 

POX TYPE. 

CxT 



P= 



D 



Where P = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness in inches, not less than five-six- 
teenths. 

D =mean diameter in inches. 

C =14,000, a constant, when corrugations are 
not more than 8 inches from center to 
center and not less than 1J inches deep. 

PURVES TYPE. 

CxT 



P= 



D 



41 

Where P ^pressure in pounds. (II, 16) 

T = thickness in inches, not less than seven- 
sixteenths. 
D = least outside diameter in inches. 
C =14,000, a constant, when rib projections are 
not more than 9 inches from center to 
center and not less than If inches deep. 

BROWN TYPE. 

P _CxT 
r D 

Where P = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness in inches, not less than five-six- 
teenths. 
Where D = least outside diameter in inches. 

C= 14,000, a constant (ascertained by an actual 
destruction test under the supervision of 
this Board), when corrugations are not 
more than 9 inches from center to center 
and not less than If inches deep. 

The thickness of corrugated and ribbed furnaces shall be 
ascertained by actual measurement. The manufacturer 
shall have said furnace drilled for a one-fourth inch pipe 
tap and fitted with a screw plug that can be removed by 
the inspector when taking this measurement. For the 
Brown and Purves furnaces the holes shall be in the center 
of the second flat; for the Morison, Fox, and other similar 
types in the center of the top corrugation, at least as far 
in as the fourth corrugation from the end of the furnace. 

TYPE HAVING SECTIONS 18 INCHES LONG. 

CxT 



P= 



D 



Where P = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness in inches, not less than seven- 
sixteenths. 

D = mean diameter in inches. 

C = 10,000, a constant, when corrugated by sec- 
tions not more than 18 inches from center 
to center and not less than 2\ inches deep, 
measuring from the least inside to the 
greatest outside diameter of the corruga- 
tions, and having the ends fitted one into 
the other and substantially riveted to- 
gether, provided that the plain parts at 
the ends do not exceed 12 inches in length. 



AD AM SON TYPE. 



When plain horizontal flues are made in sections not 
less than 18 inches in length, and not less than five-six- 
teenths of an inch thick, and flanged to a depth of not less 



42 

(II, 16) than three times the diameter of rivet hole plus the radius 
at furnace wall (inside diameter of furnace), the thickness 
of the flanges to be as near the thickness of the body of the 
plate as practicable. 

The radii of the flanges on the fire side shall be not less 
than three times the thickness of plate. 

The distance from the edge of the rivet hole to the edge 
of the flange shall be not less than the diameter of the 
rivet hole, and the diameter of the rivets before driven 
shall be at least one-fourth inch larger than the thickness 
of the plate. 

The depth of the ring between the flanges shall be not 
less than three times the diameter of the rivet holes, and 
the ring shall be substantially riveted to the flanges. The 
fire edge of the ring shall terminate at or about the point 
of tangency to the curve of the flange, and the thickness 
of the ring shall be not less than one-half inch. 

The pressure allowed shall be determined by the follow- 
ing formula: 

PLAIN CIRCULAR FURNACES Oil FLUES, AND ADAMSON FURNACES MADE 
IN SECTIONS NOT LESS THAN ]8 INCHES IN LENGTH. 

^1 5 

P= ^ [18.75 T-(LX 1.03)] 

Where P = working pressure in pounds per square inch. 
D = outside diameter of furnace in inches. 
L = length of furnace in inches. 
T = thickness of plate in sixteenths of an inch. 

EXAMPLE. 

Given a furnace 44 inches in diameter, 48 inches in 
length, and one-half of an inch thick. Substituting values 
in formula, we have 

P= 5 ^ 5 [18.75 X 8 - (48 X 1 .03)] = 

1.17 [150 -49.4] = 117.7 pounds. 

YEHTJCAL TYPE. 

Cylindrical flues used as furnaces in vertical boilers, 
when new, and made to practically true circles, shall be 
allowed a steam pressure by the following formula: 

CxT 

T) 

Where P = pressure of steam allowable in pounds. 

T = thickness of flue in inches, not less than one- 
fourth. 

D = outside diameter of flue in inches, not to ex- 
ceed 42 inches. 



43 

Where C -10,577, a constant, when the length of the (II, 16) 
flue does not exceed 42 inches, measuring 
from the center of the rivet holes in the 
head to the center of the rivet holes in the 
leg. 

When the Hue exceeds 42 inches in diameter, it is 
deemed to be flat surface and must he staved accordingly. 

CONE TOPS. 

Flues used in vertical boilers as upper combustion 
chambers formed in the shape of a cone, when new and 
made to practically true circles, shall be allowed a steam 
pressure according to the following formula: 

r ~ D" 

Where P = pressure of steam allowable in pounds. 

T = thickness of flue in inches, not less than five- 
sixteenths. 

I) = outside diameter in inches, at the center of 
the length of the flue, not to exceed 42 
inches. 

C = 10,153, a constant, when the length of the 
flue does not exceed 42 inches, measuring 
from center of rivet holes in top of head 
to the center of rivet holes in the tube 
head. 

When the flue exceeds 42 inches in diameter at the • 
center, it shall be deemed flat surface and must be stayed 

accordingly. 

STEAM-CHIMNEY FLUES. 

17. The Morison, Fox, Purves, or Brown types of cor- §44i8,R. s. 
ruga ted furnaces may be used as flues for steam chimneys 
or superheaters and shall be allowed a steam pressure by 
their respective formulas, and other flues, as described, 
below, when new and made to practically true circles, shall 
be allowed a steam pressure by the following formula: 

P = CXT 
D 

Where V = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness of material in inches. 

D = outside diameter of flue in inches. 

G = 12,000 for flues under 30 inches in diameter, 
plates at least five-sixteenths of an inch 
thick, supported by angle rings at least 2 \ 
by 2\ inches. 

C = 12,000 for flues 30 inches and under 45 inches 
in diameter, plates at least three-eighths of 
an inch thick, supported by angle rings at 
least 2\ by 2§ inches. 



44 

(II, 1 17) Where C = 12,000 for flues 45 inches and under 55 inches 

in diameter, plates at least seven-six- 
teenths of an inch thick, supported by 
angle rings at least 3 by 3 inches. 

= 12,000 for flues 55 inches and under 65 inches 
in diameter, plates at least one-half inch, 
thick, supported by angle rings at least 3 
by 3" inches. 

0= 12,000 for flues 65 inches and under 75 inches 
in diameter, plates at least nine-six- 
teenths of an inch thick, supported by 
angle rings at least 3 J by 3| inches. 

C= 12,000 for flues 75 inches and under 85 inches 
in diameter, plates at least five-eighths of 
an inch thick, supported by angle rings at 
least 3 J by 3| inches. 

0= 12,000 for flues 85 inches in diameter, plates 
at least eleven-sixteenths of an inch thick, 
supported by angle rings at least 4 by 4 
inches. 

For flues over 85 inches in diameter, add one-sixteenth 
of an inch to eleven-sixteenths of an inch for every 10 
inches increase in the diameter of the flue. 

The distance, center to center, between angle rings, or 
center of angle rings to center of rivets in the heads, shall 
in no case exceed 2\ feet. 

The angle rings shall be accurately fitted and substan- 
tially riveted to the flue and connected to the outer shell 
by braces, which braces shall not exceed 20 inches from 
center to center on the flue. 

EXAMPLE. 

Kequired the working pressure of a flue, supported by 

angle rings, when used in a steam chimney, 55 inches in 

diameter and one-half of an inch thick. Substituting 

values, we have 

-p 12,000 X. 5 , 

P — — '—^= =109 pounds. 

ADAMSON RINGS. 

Adamson rings may be substituted for the angle rings, 
but each ring shall not be at a greater distance than 2 J 
feet from center to center of rings, which rings shall not 
be required to be braced to the outer shell. 



Required the working pressure of an Adamson flue used 
in a steam chimney 45 inches in diameter and one-half of 
an inch thick. Substituting values, we have 



« 12,000 X. 5 1QO , 

P = — '—£= = 133 pounds. 



45 

PLAIN FLUES. (II, 17) 

CxT 



P 



J) 



Where P = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness or material in inches. 

D = outside diameter of flue in inches. 

C = 8,000 for flues under 32 inches in diameter, 
plates at least five-eighths of an inch thick, 
and not exceeding 8 feet in length. 

C = 8,000 for flues over 32 inches and under 46 
inches in diameter, plates at least eleven- 
sixteenths of an inch thick, and not exceed- 
ing 8 feet in length. 



EXAMPLE. 



Required the working pressure of a plain flue used in a 
steam chimney 8 feet long, 46 inches in diameter, and 
eleven-sixteenths of an inch thick. Substituting values, 
we have 

8,000 X^ 

P = — = 119 pounds. 

46 

SOCKET BOLTS. 

18. For all boilers carrying a steam pressure of 60 § 4418 > R - S - 
pounds and under per square inch the flue may be braced 

with socket bolts in lieu of angle rings, such bolts to have 
heads and the ends to be threaded for nuts, with plate 
washers not over 12 inches between centers (or equivalent) 
on the inside of the flue; bolts to be at least 1 inch in 
diameter at bottom of thread. 

For all boilers carrying a steam pressure of over 60 
pounds and not over 120 pounds per square inch the flue 
may be braced with socket bolts in lieu of angle rings, 
such bolts to have heads and the ends to be threaded for 
nuts, with plate washers not over 10 inches between cen- 
ters (or equivalent) on the inside of flue; bolts to be at 
least 1J inches in diameter at bottom of thread. 

PIPES. 

COPPER. 

19. All copper pipe subject to pressure shall be flanged §4418, r. s. 
over or outward to a depth of not less than twice the thick- 
ness of the material in the pipe, and such flanging shall 

be made to a radius not to exceed the thickness of the pipe. 
On boilers whose construction was commenced after June 
30, 1905, no bend will be allowed in copper pipe of which 
the radius is less than one and one-half times the diameter 



46 • 

(II, 19) of the pipe, and such pipe must be so led and flanges so 
placed that they may be readily taken down if required. 
Such pipes must be protected by iron casings when run 
through coal bunkers, and must be clear of the coal chutes. 
The thickness of material, according to the working pres- 
sure, shall be determined by the following formula: 

Where T = thickness in inches. 
P = working pressure. 
D = inside diameter of pipe in inches. 
C = 8,000, a constant. 
c = .0625. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the thickness of material of a 5-inch copper 
pipe for a working pressure of 175 pounds per square inch, 
we have 



Substituting values, 



T = 



175 X 5 
8,000 



.0625 = .171 inch. 



The flanges of all copper steam pipes over 3 inches in 
diameter shall be made of brass or bronze composition, 
forged iron or steel, or open-hearth steel castings, and 
shall be securely brazed or riveted to the pipe : Provided, 
however, That when such pipes are properly formed with 
a taper through the flange, such taper being fully rein- 
forced, the riveting or brazing may be dispensed with: 
And provided also, That when the pipe has been expanded 
by proper and capable machinery into grooved flanges &nd 
the pipe flared out at the ends to an angle of approxi- 
mately 20°, said angle to be taken in the direction of the 
length of the pipe, and having a depth of flare equal to at 
least one and one-half times the thickness of the material 
in the pipe, said riveting or brazing may be dispensed 
with. Where copper pipes are expanded into or riveted 
to flanges it will be necessary for the pipes with their 
flanges attached to withstand a hydrostatic pressure of 
two and one-half times the boiler pressure. 

Flanges must be of sufficient thickness, and must be 
fitted with such number of good and substantial bolts to 
make the joints at least equal in strength to all other parts 
of the pipe. 

Any form of joint that will add to the safety or increase 
the strength of flange and pipe connections over those 
provided for by this rule will be allowed on any and all 
classes of steam pipe. 






STEEL FEED AND STEAM PIPE. 

The terminaHnd intermediate joints of all wrought-iron 
and homogeneous-steel feed and steam pipes over 2 inches 
in diameter, other than on pipe or coil boilers or steam 



47 

generators, shall be made of wrought iron, homogeneous (II, 10) 

steel, or flanges of equivalent material; and all such flanges 

shall have a depth through the bore of not less than that 

equal to one-half of the diameter of the pipe to which any 

such flange may be attached, and such bores shall increase 

slightly toward the face of the flanges, and the ends of such 

pipes shall be enlarged to lit the bore of the flanges, and 

they shall be substantially beaded over or outward into a 

recess in the face of each flange. Flanges welded to 

wrought-iron, Bessemer, or other steel pipes may be used: 

Provided, That on boilers constructed prior to June 30, 

1905, the foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall 

apply only to such pipes when over 3 inches in diameter. 

But where such pipes are made of extra heavy lap- 
welded steam pipe up to and including 5 inches in diame- 
ter the flanges may be attached with screw threads, and 
all joints in bends may be made with good and substan- 
tial malleable-iron elbows or equivalent material. 

All feed and steam pipes not over 2 inches in diameter 
may be attached at their terminal and intermediate joints 
with screw threads by flanges, sleeves, elbows, or union 
couplings, but where the ends of such pipes at their termi- 
nal joints are screwed into material in the boiler, drum, 
or other connection having a thickness of not less than 
one-half inch, the flanges at such terminal joints may be 
dispensed with. Where any such pipes are not over 1 
inch in diameter, and any of the terminal ends are to be 
attached to material in the boiler or connection having a 
thickness of less than one-half inch, a nipple shall be firmly 
screwed into the boiler or connection against a shoulder, 
and a valve shall be screwed firmly to such nipple; and 
should inspectors deem it necessary for safety, they may 
require a jam nut to be screwed onto the inner end of any 
such nipple. 

The word u terminal" shall be interpreted to mean the 
points where steam or feed pipes are attached to such ap- 
pliances of boilers, generators, or engines as are placed on 
such to receive them. 

All lap-welded or riveted wrought-iron or steel or seam- 
less drawn steel steam pipes over 5 J inches in diameter 
when expanded into tapered holes, or where pipe is brought 
to a true and parallel circle at the ends and the flanges 
shrunk on the same and beaded over into a recess at the 
face of the flanges, or when flared to an angle of approxi- 
mately twenty degrees, shall be substantially riveted 
through the hubs of said flanges, and no hubs shall project 
less than If inches from the back of said flanges: Pro- 
vided, however, That when such pipes are double riveted 
into cast-steel, wrought-iron, or homogeneous-steel flanges 
said flanges to be equal in strength to the strength of the 
pipe, the process of expanding and beading may be dis- 
pensed with: II is further provided, That for pressures of 
100 pounds and under, said pipes may be single riveted to 
the flanges in lieu of double riveting. 



48 

(II, 19) The joints of all flanges shall be made with a sufficient 

number of good and substantial bolts or rivets to make 
such joints at least equal in strength to all other parts of 
the pipe. 

Lap-welded steam pipes of iron or steel, with their 
flanges welded on, shall be tested by a hydrostatic pres- 
sure of at least double the working pressure of the steam 
to be carried, and properly annealed after all the work 
requiring fire is finished. When an affidavit of the manu- 
facturer is furnished that such test has been made and 
pipes so annealed, they may be used for marine purposes. 

When holes exceeding 6 inches in diameter are cut in 
boilers for pipe connections, manhole and hand-hole 
plates, such holes shall be reinforced, either on the inside 
or outside of boiler, with reinforcing plates, which shall be 
securely riveted or properly fastened to the boiler, such 
reinforcing material to be rings of the same kind and 
quality as the material reinforced, and of sufficient width 
and thickness of material to equal the amount of material 
cut from such boilers, in flat surfaces; and where such 
opening is made in the circumferential plates of such boil- 
ers, the reinforcing ring shall have an area of at least one- 
half the area of material there would be in a line drawn 
across such opening parallel with the longitudinal seams of 
such portion of the boiler. On boilers carrying 75 pounds 
or less steam pressure a cast-iron stop valve, properly 
flanged, may be used as a reinforcement to such opening. 
When holes are cut in any flat surface of such boilers and 
such holes are flanged inwardly to a depth of not less than 
1J inches, measuring from the outer surface, the reinforce- 
ment rings may be dispensed with: 

No connection between shell of boiler and mud drum 
shall exceed 9 inches in diameter, and the flange of the 
mud-drum leg shall consist of an equal amountof material 
to that cut out of the shell of boiler. 
i Also plates constructed of plate steel of corrugated form 

without opening in plate for bolt, corrugation forming 
support for bolt, will be allowed for use of manhole and 
hand-hole openings. 

SLIP JOINTS. 

All slip joints made after June 30, 1905, for use in steam 
pipes shall have their working parts made of copper or 
composition, and said pipes shall be of sufficient length 
and so adjusted as to prevent pipes from withdrawing 
from the stuffing box. Safety collars and nonadjustable 
stop bolts may be allowed in connection with such joints. 

CAST STEEL, SEMISTEEL, FERROSTEEL, CAST IRON, MALLE- 
ABLE IRON, HARD BRASS, BRONZE, AND OTHER COMPO- 
SITIONS MADE OF COPPER, TIN, AND ZINC. 

5 4418, r. s. 20. Cast-steel fittings of any size or character, and for 

any pressure, may be used for any and all steam and feed- 
pipe connections, and for boiler fittings, valves, cocks, 



49 

and all appliances subject to steam or water pressure in (II, 20) 
connection with the boilers and engines of steam vessels, 
when made by regular processes and by manufacturers 
who stamp such fittings and appliances with their trade- 
mark or identifying stamp and who guarantee the cast- 
ings to possess the following physical and chemical char- 
acteristics: Tensile strength, minimum, 60,000 pounds 
per square inch; elastic limit, minimum, 30,000 pounds 
per square inch; elongation in 2 inches, minimum, 25 per 
cent; phosphorus, maximum, .045 per cent; sulphur, 
maximum, .035 per cent; silicon, maximum, .50 per cent; 
carbon, maximum, .40 per cent; carbon, minimum, .20 
per cent. 

Malleable iron, semisteel, and ferrosteel, which possess 
a tensile strength of not less than 30,000 pounds to the 
square inch, may be used for any casting or connection up 
to and including 6 inches in diameter, and for pressures 
not exceeding 300 pounds. Such castings shall be 
stamped with the trade-mark or identifying stamp of the 
manufacturer. 

Cast iron possessing a tensile strength of not less than 
20,000 pounds to the square inch may be allowed for 
pressures not exceeding 275 pounds per square inch, and 
may be used in the construction of stop valves of any size 
when bolted directly to the boiler, throttle valves of any 
size when bolted directly to the steam chest, slip joints 
of any size, flanges, saddles, water columns, ells, tees, 
crosses, valves, and cocks, up to and including 12 inches 
in diameter, when such fittings of over 3 inches m diameter 
are stamped with the trade-mark or identifying stamp of 
the manufacturer. Cast iron may also be used for man- 
hole and hand-hole plates. 

When from peculiar form of construction, such as the 
engines ot stern-wheel steamers, the throttle valve can 
not be connected directly to the steam chest, it shall be 
bolted directly to the end of the main steam pipe, and the 
branch pipes shall be bolted to the side pipes of the 
engines. 

Hard brass, bronze, and other compositions of copper, 
tin, and zinc, possessing a tensile strength of not less than 
35,000 pounds to the square inch, may be used in the 
construction of all fittings up to and including 12 inches 
in diameter, and for all pressures not exceeding 300 
pounds per square inch, except that it will not be allowed 
where the steam reaches a temperature of 500° F., and 
for all temperatures exceeding 550° F. no fittings other 
than steel snail be allowed. 

All fittings of more than 3 inches in diameter shall be 
subjected by the manufacturer to a hydrostatic test of 
three and one-half times the pressure to which they will 
be subjected in service, and such hydrostatic, pressure 
shall be plainly stamped on the casting. 

All fittings of more than 2 inches in diameter shall be 
permanently flanged, and no fitting shall be of a greater 
length than specified by the "Manufacturer's Standard." 
26191—07 4 



50 

(II, 20) All cast-iron, malleable-iron, semisteel, and ferrosteel 
castings shall be secured to the boiler with bolts, and in 
no case shall riveting be allowed on such fittings. 

Cast nozzles shall not be used when exposed to the 
direct action of the fire. 

Screwed bonnets on cast-iron valves are positively pro- 
hibited. All valves over 2| inches in diameter shall have 
bolted bonnets or covers. The necks of the valves shall 
be extra heavy and as short as practicable. Where valves 
of less than 2\ inches in diameter are connected directly to 
the boiler they shall be of cast steel, hard brass, or bronze. 

All castings of steel, ferrosteel, and semisteel shall be 
thoroughly annealed. 

Nothing in the foregoing provisions of this section shall 
prevent the use of fittings now in stock up to and includ- 
ing June 30, 1907, and all fittings used after June 30, 1907, 
shall be manufactured, tested, and stamped in accord- 
ance with the provisions of this section. 

FEED WATER. 

§ 4418, r. s. 21 . The feed water shall not be admitted into any boiler 
at a temperature less than 100° F., and no marine boiler 
shall be used without having proper auxiliary appliances 
for supplying said boilers with water in addition to the 
usual mode employed. 

NAME PLATES. 

§ 4418, r. s. 22. There shall be fastened to each boiler a plate con- 
taining the name of the manufacturer of the material, the 
place where manufactured, the tensile strength, the name 
of the builder of the boiler, when and where built. 

The date of the building of the boiler or boilers shall be 
determined by the month and year of issue of the first 
certificate of inspection which covers the boiler or boilers 
in question : Provided, That the boiler or boilers have not 
been used for any purpose previous to the inspection. 

FUSIBLE PLUGS. 

§ 4418, r. s. 23. Every boiler, other than boilers of the water-tube 
type, shall have at least one fusible plug as described 
below. Plugs shall be made of a bronze casing filled with 
good banca tin from end to end. The manufacturers of 
fusible plugs shall stamp their name or initials thereon for 
identification, and shall file with the local inspectors a 
certificate, duly sworn to, that such plugs are filled with 
banca tin. 

Fusible plugs, except as otherwise provided for, shall 
have an external diameter of not less than three-fourths of 
an inch pipe tap, and the banca tin shall be at least one- 
half of an inch in diameter at the smallest end and shall 



51 

have a larger diameter at the center or at the opposite end (II, 23) 
of the plug. 

Fusible plugs, when used in the tubes of upright boilers, 
shall have an external diameter of not less than three- 
eighths of an inch pipe tap, and the banca tin shall be at 
least one-fourth of an inch in diameter at the smaller end 
and shall have a greater diameter at the opposite end of 
the plug: Provided, however, That all plugs used in boilers 
carrying a steam pressure exceeding 150 pounds to the 
square inch may be reduced at the smaller end of the 
banca tin to five-sixteenths of an inch in diameter. 

Externally heated cylindrical boilers, with flues, shall 
have one plug inserted in one flue, and also one plug 
inserted in shell of each boiler, immediately below the 
fire line and not less than 4 feet from the front end: 
Provided, however, That when such flues are not more than 
6 inches in diameter a fusible plug of not less diameter 
than three-eighths-inch pipe tap may be used in such flues. 

Other shell boilers, except especially provided for, shall 
have one plug inserted in the crown sheet of the back 
connection. 

Vertical tubular boilers shall have one plug inserted in 
one of the tubes at least 2 inches below the lowest gauge 
cock, but in boilers having a cone top the plug shall be 
inserted in the upper tube sheet. 

All plugs shall be inserted so that the small end of the 
banca tin shall be exposed to the fire. 

It shall be the duty of the inspector at each annual in- 
spection to see that the plugs are in good condition. 

GAUGE COCKS AND WATER GLASS. 

24. All boilers shall be supplied with one reliable water § 4418, R " 3 - 
gauge and three gauge cocks in each boiler: Provided, 
That when the gauge glass and gauge cocks are connected 
to the boilers by a water column there must be an addi- 
tional gauge cock inserted in the head or shell of boiler. 
The lower gauge cock in boilers more than 48 inches in 
diameter shall not be less than 4 inches from the top of the 
flues or tubes. In boilers less than 48 inches in diameter 
the lower gauge cock shall not be less than 2\ inches above 
the top of the flues or tubes. A gauge glass shall be con- 
sidered a reliable water gauge, and a float such as used on 
western river steamers shall be considered on such boilers 
as a reliable water gauge. 

In vertical boilers or boilers of the water-tube type the 
location of the lowest gauge cock shall be determined by 
the local inspectors. 

Boilers known as flash boilers constructed of a continu- 
ous coil of pipe or series of coils of pipes under three- 
fourths inch in diameter, whose construction has been 
approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, shall 
not be required to be supplied with gauge cocks or low- 
water gauges. 



52 

(II) STEAM GAUGES. 

§ 4418, r. s. 25. All steam gauges heretofore in use on steamers shall 

be admissible by the inspectors, and other steam gauges 
hereafter made of equal merit shall be allowed. 

All boilers or sets of boilers shall have attached to them 
at least one gauge that will correctly indicate a pressure 
of steam equal to 80 per cent of the hydrostatic pressure 
applied by the inspectors. 

SAFETY VALVES. 

§ 4418, r. s. 26. The areas of all safety valves on boilers contracted 

for or the construction of which commenced on or after 
June 1, 1904, shall be determined in accordance with the 
following formula and table : 

W 

Formula: a = .2074x4^. 

Where a = area of safety valve, in square inches, per 
square foot of grate surface. 
W = pounds of water evaporated per square foot 

of grate surface per hour. 
P = absolute pressure per square inch = working 
gauge pressure +15. 

From which formula the areas required per square foot 
of grate surface in the following table are found by 
assuming the different values of W and P. 

The figures (a) in table multiplied by square feet of 
grate surface give the area of safety valve or valves 
required. 

When this calculation results in an odd size of safety 
valve, use next larger standard size. 

EXAMPLES. 

Boiler pressure = 75 pounds per square inch (gauge). 

2 furnaces: Grate surface = 2 (No.)X5 feet 6 inches 
(long) X 3 feet (wide) = 33 square feet. 

Water evaporated per pound of coal = 8 pounds. 

Coal burned per square foot grate surface per hour = 
12 \ pounds. 

Evaporation per square foot grate surface per hour = 8 
X 12| = 100 pounds. 

Hence W = 100 and gauge pressure = 75 pounds. 

From table the corresponding value of a is .230 square 
inches. 

Therefore area of safety valve = 33 X. 23 = 7. 59 square 
inches. 

For which the diameter is 3^ inches nearly. 



53 

Boiler pressure = 215 pounds. (II, 26) 

6 furnaces: Grate surface = 6 (No.)X5 feet 6 inches 
(long) X3 feet 4 inches (wide) = 110 square feel. 

Water evaporated per pound coal = 10 pounds. 

Coal burned per square foot grate surface per hour = 
30 pounds. 

Evaporation per square foot grate surface per hour = 
10X30 = 300 pounds. 

Hence W = 300, gauge pressure = 215, and a = .270 
(from table). 

Therefore area of safety valve = 110X-270 = 29.7 square 
inches, which is too large for one valve. Use two. 

29.7 

— ~r— = 14.85 square inches. Diameter = 4f inches. 

To determine the area of a safety valve for boiler 
using oil as fuel or for boilers designed for any evaporation 
per hour, 

Divide the total number of pounds of water evapo- 
rated per hour by any number of pounds of water evapo- 
rated per square foot of grate surface per hour (W) taken 
from, and within the limits of, the table. This will give 
the equivalent number of square feet of grate surface for 
boiler for estimating the area of valve. Then apply the 
table as in previous examples. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the area of a safety valve for a boiler using 
oil as fuel, designed to evaporate 8,000 pounds of water 
per hour, at 175 pounds gauge pressure. 

Make W = 200. 

A nn =40, the equivalent grate surface, in square feet. 

For gauge pressure = 175 pounds and W = 200, from 
table, a = .218 square inch. .218x40 = 8.72 square 
inches, the total area of safety valve required for this 
boiler, for which the diameter is 3^ square inches nearly. 



54 



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56 

(II, 26) Any spring-loaded safety valve constructed so as to 
give an increased lift by the operation of steam, after being 
raised from its seat, or any spring-loaded safety valve 
constructed in any other manner so as to give an effective 
area equal to that of the aforementioned spring-loaded 
safety valve, may be used in lieu of the common lever- 
weighted valve on all boilers on steam vessels, and each 
spring-loaded valve shall be supplied with a lever that will 
raise the valve from its seat a distance of not less than that 
equal to one-eighth of the diameter of the valve opening; 
but in no case shall any spring-loaded safety valve be used 
in lieu of the lever-weighted safety valve without first 
having been approved by the Board of Supervising In- 
spectors. 

The valves shall be so arranged that each boiler shall 
have at least one separate safety valve, unless the arrange- 
ment is such as to preclude the possibility of shutting off 
the communication of any boiler with the safety valve or 
valves employed. This arrangement shall also apply to 
lock-up safety valves when they are employed. 

The use of two safety valves may be allowed on any 
boiler, provided the combined area of such valves is equal 
to that required by rule for one such valve. When- 
ever the area of a safety valve, as found by the rule of this 
section, will be greater than that corresponding to 6 inches 
in diameter, two or more safety valves, the combined area 
of which shall be equal at least to the area required, must 
be used. 

The seats of all safety valves shall have an angle of incli- 
nation of 45 degrees to the center lines of their axes. 

The use of the lever safety valves shall be prohibited on 
all boilers built after June 30, 1906. 

All common lever safety valves to be hereafter applied 
to the boilers of steam vessels must be constructed m ma- 
terial, workmanship, and principle according to the re- 
quirements for a safety valve referred to in this section. 

When this construction of a safety valve is applied to 
the boilers of steamers navigating rough waters, the link 
may be connected direct with the spindle of the valve: 
Provided, always, That the fulcrum or points upon which 
the lever rests are made of steel, knife or sharp edged, and 
hardened ; in this case the short end of the Jever should be 
attached directly to the valve casing. In all cases the 
link requires but a slight movement, not exceeding one- 
eighth of an inch. 

REQUIREMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF LEVER-SAFETY 
VALVES. 

All the points of bearing on lever must be in the same 
plane. 

The distance of the fulcrum must in no case be less than 
the diameter of the valve opening. 



57 

The length of the lever should not exceed the distance (II, 26) 
of the fulcrum multiplied by ten. 

The width of the bearings of the fulcrum must not be 
less than three-fourths of one inch. 

The length of the fulcrum link shall not be less than 
4 inches. 

The lever and fulcrum link must be made of wrought 
iron or steel, and the knife-edged fulcrum points and 
bearings for the points must be made of steel and hard- 
ened. But the chambers and saddle flanges of this and 
all other types of safety valves attached to boilers may be 
made of cast iron or other suitable material. 

The valve, valve seat, and bushing for the stem or spin- 
dle must be made of composition (gun metal) when the 
valve is intended to be attached to a boiler using salt 
water; but when the valve is to be attached to a boiler 
using fresh water and generating steam of a high pressure 
the parts named, with the exception of the bushings for 
the spindle, may be made of cast iron. On safety valves 
constructed after June 30, 1905, neither the valve nor the 
valve seats shall be of cast iron. 

The valve must be guided by its spindle, both above and 
below the ground seat and above the lever, through sup- 
ports either made of composition (gun metal) or bushed 
with it. 

The spindle should fit loosely in the bearings or supports. 

When the valve is intended to be applied to the boilers 
of steamers navigating rough waters, the fulcrum link may 
be connected directly with the spindle of the valve : Pro- 
viding, always, That the knife-edged fulcrum points are 
made of steel and hardened and that the vertical move- 
ment of the valve is unobstructed by any lateral move- 
ment. 

In all cases the weight must be adjusted on the lever to 
the pressure of steam allowed in each case by a correct 
steam gauge attached to the boiler. The weight must 
then be securely fastened in its position and the lever 
marked for the purpose of facilitating the replacing of the 
weight should it be necessary to remove the same, and in 
no case shall a line or any other device be attached to the 
lever or weight except in such a manner as will enable 
the engineer to raise the valve from its seat. 

SEA COCKS. 

27. All sea valves or cocks secured to the skin of the * 4418 > RS - 
vessel by bolts and connected to the engines or boilers by 
pipes shall be arranged so as to be accessible at all times, 
so that if a leak or defect occurs it can be reached. All 
parts of said valves except the chamber shall be made of 
brass or bronze when used on wooden-hull vessels navi- 

fating salt water ; but in the case of iron-hull vessels the 
rass or bronze bolts may be dispensed with. 



58 

(II) STOP VALVES. 

§4418, r. s. 28. On all boilers built after July 1, 1896, a bronze or 

brass seated stopcock or valve shall be attached to the 
boiler between all check valves and all steam and feed 
pipes and boilers, in order to facilitate access to connec- 
tions. Where such cocks or valves exceed 1J inches in 
diameter, they must be flanged to boiler. The stop valves 
attached to main steam pipes when bolted or riveted 
directly to boiler may, however, be made of cast iron or 
other suitable material. 

WOODWORK FROM BOILERS. 

§4418,11. s. 29. Externally heated boilers shall have a clear space 

between the boiler and the woodwork of not less than 6 
inches at the sides and 4 inches at the top. 

Internally heated boilers shall have a clear space between 
the boiler and the woodwork of not less than 4 inches at 
the sides and 4 inches at the top. 

All woodwork or other ignitible substance approaching 
within 12 inches of the boiler or smokestack (unless such 
boiler or smokestack is covered with good nonconduct- 
ing material) shall be suitably sheathed with metal over 
noncombustible material, and it shall be the duty of the 
inspectors to see that all woodwork or other ignitible 
substance in or around the fireroom is properly protected 
by metal or asbestos sheathing. 

All boilers hereafter placed in wooden steamers shall 
have a clear space of at least 8 inches between the under 
side of the cylindrical shell and the floor or keelson; and 
on all other steamers the boilers shall be so placed as to 
permit of proper inspection of the under side thereof. 

All boilers shall have a clear space at back and ends. 
When located in close proximity to wooden bulkheads the 
space between boiler or boilers and bulkheads shall be not 
less than 2 feet; with iron or steel bulkheads, not less 
than 16 inches. 

MANHOLES. 

§ 4418, r. s. 30. Manhole openings in front head of externally fired 

boilers, under the flues, as required by section 4434, Re- 
vised Statutes of the United States, shall be of dimen- 
sions of not less than 8 by 12 inches in the clear. It is 
also further provided that all boilers shall have a manhole 
opening above the flues or tubes where practicable for 
use, and also such openings shall be of the following 
dimensions : 

Boilers over 40 inches in diameter shall have an opening 
not less than 10 by 16 or 11 by 15 inches in the clear, 
except boilers 40 inches in diameter of shell and under 
shall have an opening not less than 9 by 15 inches in the 
clear in manholes. 



59 

WESTERN RIVER BOILERS. (II) 

HEADS. 

31. All heads employed in the construction of cylin- R §| 4418, 4434 * 
drical externally fired boilers for steamers navigating the 

Red River of the North and rivers whose waters flow into 
the Gulf of Mexico shall have a thickness of material as 
follows: 

For boilers having a diameter — 

Over 32 inches and not over 36 inches, not less than ^ inch. 
Over 36 inches and not over 40 inches, not less than T 9 g inch. 
Over 40 inches and not over 48 inches, not less than f inch 
Over 48 inches, not less than £ inch. 

The heads of steam and mud drums of such boilers shall 
have a thickness of material of not less than half an inch; 
pressure to be determined "by formula for flatheads. 

MANHOLES. 

The manhole opening, as required by section 4434, 
Revised Statutes of the United States, sha«ll be of dimen- 
sions not less than 8 inches by 12 inches in the clear. • 

LOW- WATER GAUGE. 

All horizontal cylindrical boilers used on steamers 
navigating the waters flowing into the Gulf of Mexico 
shall be provided with a reliable low-water gauge. 

FLUES. 

Local inspectors, in determining the distance between 
the flues and the shells of externally fired boilers, under 
provisions of section 4434, Revised Statutes of the United 
States, shall take the measurements from the plate in the 
flue to the plate in the shell. 

WATER TUBE AND COIL BOILERS. 

32. Blueprints or drawings of coil boilers and of other §4429, r.s. 
boilers, with their specifications, submitted to the Board 

of Supervising Inspectors for approval under section 4429, 
Revised Statutes of the United States, must be in dupli- 
cate before action thereon will be taken by the Board, 
with a view of approving the same; one set to be filed 
with the records of the Board of Supervising Inspec- 
tors and the other with the record's of the supervising 
inspector of the district where the manufacturer of the 
boiler is located. 

The working pressure allowable on cylindrical shells of 
water tube or coil boilers, when such shells have a row or 



60 

(II, 32) rows of pipes or tubes inserted therein, shall be deter- 
mined by the following formula : 

(D— ^XTXS 
r ~ DxR 

Where P = working pressure allowable in pounds. 

D = distance in inches between the tube or pipe 

centers in a line from head to head. 
d = diameter of hole in inches. 
T = thickness of plate in inches. 
S = one-sixth of the tensile strength of the plate. 
R = radius of shell in inches. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the working pressure of a cylindrical shell 
having holes 1 inch in diameter, spaced 2 inches from 
center to center, in a line from head to head; material, 
one-half of an inch thick; diameter of shell, 20 inches; 
tensile strength of plate, 60,000 pounds. 

Substituting values, we have 

^ (2— 1)X. 5X10,000 OKft , 

P = 9y in = pounds. 

PORCUPINE-TYPE BOILERS. 

The formula for determining pressure on boilers of the 
so-called Porcupine and similar types shall be as follows: 

Multiply the vertical distance between the centers of 
the horizontal rows of tubes in inches by one-half the 
diameter of shell of boiler in inches, which gives the area 
upon which the pressure is exerted to break a diagonal 
ligament, then find the sectional area of the ligament at 
its smallest part and multiply by one-sixth the tensile 
strength of the material. This result, divided by the 
area upon which the strain is exerted, gives the working 

pressure per square inch, which is as follows: p ^ = W, 

the working pressure, in which E equals width of liga- 
ment in inches, F thickness of material in inches, T one- 
sixth the tensile strength, G distance between vertical 
centers, and D one-half the inside diameter of the shell 
or central column. 

For the boiler proposed, 30 inches diameter, five-eighths 
inch thick, tensile strength 60,000 pounds, 1.219 inches 
would be width of ligament, .625 thickness of plate, 
10,000 one-sixth of tensile strength, 3H = 3.6875 inches, 
distance of vertical centers; 15 inches, one-half the diam- 
eter of shell, would be as follows: 1.219 multiplied by 
.625, this product multiplied by one-sixth the tensile 
strength, 10,000, equals 7,618.75. This product, divided 
by the product of 3.6875, distance between vertical cen- 
ters, multiplied by 15, one-half the diameter, equals 
55.3125, gives 137.7 as pressure allowed. 



61 

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE. (II, 32) 

All coil and pipe boilers hereafter made, when such 
boiler is completed and ready for inspection, must be sub- 
jected at the first inspection to a hydrostatic pressure 
double that of the steam pressure allowed in the certifi- 
cate of inspection. 

The use of malleable-iron or cast-steel manifolds, tees, 
return bends, or elbows in the construction of pipe gen- 
erators shall be allowed, and the pressure of steam shall 
not be restricted to less than one-half the hydrostatic 
pressure applied to pipe generators unless a weakness 
should develop under such test as would render it unsafe 
in the judgment of the inspector making such inspection. 

DRUMS AND HEADS. 

All drums attached to coil, pipe, sectional, or water- 
tube boilers not already in use or actually contracted for, 
to be built for use on a steam vessel, and its building com- 
menced at or before the date of the approval of this rule 
shall be required to have the heads of wrought iron or 
steel or cast steel flanged and substantially riveted to the 
drums or secured by bolts and nuts of equal strength 
with rivets, in all cases where the diameters of such drums 
exceed 6 inches. 

Drums and water cylinders constructed with a bumped 
head at each or either end, any opening in the shell or 
heads to be reinforced as required by the rules of the 
Board, the circumferential and horizontal seams to be 
welded and properly annealed after such welding is com- 
pleted, and when tested with a hydrostatic pressure of at 
least double the amount of the steam pressure allowed 
may be used for marine purposes. 

COPPER AND BRASS TUBES. 

Seamless copper or brass tubes not exceeding three- 
fourths of an inch in diameter may be used in the con- 
struction of water-tube boilers or generators when liquid 
fuel is used. There may also be used in their construction 
copper or brass steam drums not exceeding 14 inches in 
diameter, of a thickness of material not less than five- 
eighths of an inch, and copper or brass steam drums 12 
inches in diameter and under having a thickness of mate- 
rial of not less than one-half inch. All tubes and drums 
referred to in this paragraph shall be made from ingots or 
blanks drawn down to size without a seam. Water- tube 
boilers or generators so constructed may be used for 
marine purposes with none other than liquid fuel. 



62 



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68 

Rule III. — Boats, Rafts, Bulkheads, and Lipe-Saving 
t Appliances. 

Section. 

Automatic plug required on metallic lifeboats 3 

Affidavit of test of line-carrying guns 25 

Barges, passenger, towed by steamers, how equipped 22 

Buoyancy of life rafts, how determined 19 

Bulkheads required for certain steam and sail vessels 33 

Carrying capacity of lifeboats, how determined 2 

Carley life float, buoyancy allowed 21 

Drawings and specifications of lifeboats and life rafts required 4 

Drags or floating anchors, how constructed and number of 32 

Engelhardt lifeboats 20, 21 

Escape, means of, to lifeboats 1 

Equipments of lifeboats and life rafts 5, 15 

Fire boats, lifeboats required on 9 

Floats, wooden, material and dimensions of 30 

Friction devices for distress signals allow.ed under certain condi- 
tions 15 

Guns, line-carrying, mode of manufacture and test of 25 

Lifeboats, capacity required 2 

Lifeboats, how built 1 3 

Lifeboats, metallic, to have automatic plug 3 

Lifeboats, drawings and specifications required 4 

Lifeboats, how equipped 5, 15 

Lifeboats, how marked 4, 6, 3 1 

Lifeboats, how carried 6 

Lifeboats, metallic, when required 9 

Lifeboats, collapsable, may be substituted 14 

Lifeboats required on inspected sail vessels 17 

Lifeboats required on fire boats 9 

Lifeboats required on stern-wheel towboats 9 

Lifeboats, care required of 6 

Lifeboat capacity on vessels of 50 tons or over not carrying pas- 
sengers 7 

Lifeboat capacity on vessels under 50 tons not carrying passengers . . 8 
Lifeboat capacity on passenger vessels of over 150 tons navigating 
rivers other than the Red River of the North, rivers whose waters 

flow into the Gulf of Mexico, and Yukon River 10 

Lifeboat capacity on passenger vessels of over 150 tons, navigating 
the Red River of the North, rivers whose waters flow into the 

Gulf of Mexico, and Yukon River 11 

Lifeboat capacity of vessels of over 150 tons, carrying passengers, 

navigating the northwestern lakes, bays, and sounds 12 

Lifeboat capacity on passenger vessels of over 150 tons navigating 

the ocean 13 

Lifeboat capacity of passenger vessels of 150 tons and under navi- 
gating the ocean, lakes, bays, sounds, and rivers 16 

Lifeboats on passenger steam vessels of 10 tons and under 23 

Lifeboats not required on open steam pleasure vessels of 5 tons or 

less 24 

Life rafts, how built - 3 

Life rafts, drawings and specifications required 4 

Life rafts, how equipped 5 

Life rafts may be substituted for a portion of lifeboats 14 

Life rafts, how marked 4, 18, 32 

Life rafts, capacity required 19 

Life-preservers of loose granulated cork and kapok, use not allowed 21 

Life-preservers required on passenger barges towed 22 

Life-preservers, number and kind required 29 

Line-carrying projectiles and means of propelling them 25 

Line-carrying gun, crew to be drilled in use of, and drills entered 

on log 28 

Ladders or steps required on steamer 1 

Name plate required on lifeboats and life rafts 4 

Name of steamer required on life-saving appliances 31 

Notice of location of life-preservers to be posted 29 



69 

Section. 

Ring buoys may be required 30 (III) 

Rockets, line carrying 26 

Steering apparatus, extra, for steamers 1 

Sail vessels, lifeboat and life-preserver equipment 17 

Steam launches, when they may dispense with lifeboats 24 

Towing steamers, stern-wheel, lifeboats required on 9 

Working boat required . . 9 

STEPS, LADDERS, EXTRA STEERING APPARATUS. 

1 . Every steamer or barge carrying passengers shall be § 4484 » R - s - 
provided with suitable ladders, wnere practicable for use, 

to enable passengers to descend conveniently to the life- 
boats, such ladders to be placed near each side of the 
vessel. 

Every steam vessel shall be provided with sufficient 
means of escape from the lower to the upper deck, or vice 
versa, and every steamer of 50 tons or over carrying pas- 
sengers shall be provided with permanent stairways for- 
ward and aft, except where said stairways on towing boats 
would interfere with towing bitts. 

Extra steering apparatus, consisting of relieving tackles 
or tiller, must be provided for all steamers. 

LIFEBOATS, LIFE RAFTS, FLOATS. 
CAPACITY REQUIRED. 

2. The capacity of all lifeboats shall be determined by R $| 4481 ' 4488 « 
the following rule: Measure the length and breadth out- 
side of the planking or plating and the depth inside at the 

place of minimum depth. The product of these dimen- 
sions multiplied by .6 resulting in the nearest whole num- 
ber shall be deemed the capacity in cubic feet. 

To determine the number of passengers a boat is to 
carry, divide the result by 10 for ocean, lake, bay, and 
sound steamers; and for river steamers divide the result 
by 8 : Provided, however, That such boats shall in all cases 
have sufficient room, free board, and stability to safely 
carry such number of passengers, which fact must be 
determined by actual experiment in the water at the time 
of the first inspection of said boats after the passage of 
this rule. Where a vessel is carrying boats of different 
types or capacities, at least one boat of each type or 
capacity shall be so tested. 

EXAMPLE. 

The carrying capacity of a boat 20 feet in length, 6 feet 
in breadth, and 2\ feet in depth will be determined as 
follows : 

For ocean, lake, bay, and sound steamers, 

20X6X2^X.6 180 10 
10-" = w = 18 persons. 

For river steamers, same boat, -=- = 22 persons. 

o 



70 

(HI) CONSTRUCTION. 

4405, 4481, 3 a\\ lifeboats shall be substantially built. 

Metallic lifeboats of 20 feet length, and under shall be 
constructed of metal of not less thickness than No. 18 
wire gauge. Boats 20 to 24 feet in length shall have a 
thickness of metal not less than No. 16 wire gauge for 
their middle half length, and their ends of not less than 
No. 18 wire gauge. Boats longer than 24 feet shall be 
built according to specifications approved by the Super- 
vising Inspector-General. 

The wire-gauge numbers given in this paragraph are 
Birmingham standard. 

The air tanks of all metallic lifeboats built after June 
30, 1906, shall be provided with air-pump connections of 
one-half inch outside diameter, for the purpose of testing 
. the air-tightness of said tank. 

All seams and joints shall be pronerly double riveted. 

Life-raft cylinders, if over 15 feet in length, must be con- 
structed of metal of not less thickness than No. 18 wire 
gauge, and if 15 feet or less in length, of metal of not less 
thickness than No. 20 wire gauge. The retaining bands 
which secure the cylinders to the frames shall be made 
in halves so that the cylinders may be detached without 
difficulty for the purpose of inspection, cleaning, and 
painting, as required by section 6, Rule III. 

All life-raft cylinders, except those 6 feet or less in 
length, must be divided by water-tight bulkheads into not 
less than three compartments of equal lengths, and each 
compartment shall be provided with a suitable air-pump 
connection, of one-half inch outside diameter, fitted with 
air-tight cap. 

The inspection of a metallic cylindrical life raft will in- 
clude the testing each compartment with an air-pressure 
of 5 pounds to the square inch. 

All lifeboats shall have air-tight tanks of sufficient 
capacity to float boats when full of water and when loaded 
to allowed capacity. 

Only countersunk-headed rivets shall be used in the 
construction of metallic lifeboats and life rafts. 

The above provisions of this section shall take effect 
only as to boats and rafts constructed after June 30, 1905. 

All joints of the air tanks shall be both riveted and 
soldered. 

The circumferential as well as the longitudinal seams of 
life-raft cylinders must be riveted, and on rafts con- 
structed after June 30, 1905, shall also be soldered. 

The framework connecting the cylinders of metallic life 
rafts must be substantially built and capable of resisting 
the strain which tends to break the cylinders apart when 
the raft is broadside on in surf or seaway. 

All metallic lifeboats hereafter built shall be furnished 
with an automatic plug. 



71 

DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, NAME PLATE. (Ill) 

4. Builders of lifeboats and life rafts shall furnish the § 4405, r. s. 
Supervising Inspector-General with drawings and specifi- 
cations showing and explaining the construction of the 

same, and the physical characteristics (tensile strength 
and ductility) or the metal used. They shall also affix a 
plate or other device to each boat and raft, having thereon 
the builder's name, number of boat or raft, date of con- 
struction of boat or raft, cubical contents of boat or raft, 
and number of persons said boat or raft will carry, as 
determined by the rules of the Board of Supervising 
Inspectors. 

This section shall apply to all boats and rafts built after 
June 30, 1905. 

EQUIPMENTS. 

5. All lifeboats must have the following equipment: §4405,r. s. 
A properly secured life line the entire length on each side, 

and such line must be festooned with a seine float in each 
bight, the bights to be not longer than 3 feet; 1 boat 
painter, of not less than 2f-inch manila rope (about .9 
inch diameter), properly attached and of a suitable length; 
a full complement of oars, and 2 spare oars of suitable 
length; not less than 4 rowlocks, and 2 spare ones, all 
attached to boat; 1 steering oar, with rowlock or becket, 
or 1 rudder, with yoke and suitable yoke ropes; 1 boat 
hook, and 1 bucket with lanyard attached, and on wooden 
boats 2 plugs for each drain hole, attached with lanyard 
or chains; also at least 2 life-preservers, or wooden life 
floats where the same are allowed by law. 

All life rafts must be equipped with 2 life lines, securely 
fastened to the gunwales; 1 painter, of 2|-inch manila 
rope of a suitable length; not less than 4 oars of suitable 
size; 2 paddles, each of not less than 5 feet in length, the 
blade of each to be of not less area than one-half that of 
the blade of one of the oars of such raft; 4 rowlocks; 1 
steering oar, with rowlock or becket, and 1 boat hook. 

All the equipment mentioned in this section shall be 
kept in good condition for immediate use. 

HOW LIFEBOATS MUST BE CARRIED. 

6. All lifeboats, on vessels carrying passengers for hire, § 44 °5, R. s. 
must, if practicable, be carried under substantial davits 

or cranes, with two separate davits or cranes for each boat 
so carried, or with a single crane for each boat when such 
single crane is properly adapted to lower said boat; but 
if it is not practicable so to carry all the lifeboats required, 
the remainder must be stowed near at hand, so as to be 
easily and readily launched when required. 

All boats under davits must be arranged so that they 
can be simultaneously launched. Such davits or cranes, 



72 

(III, 6) and the blocks and the falls thereof, on all passenger ves- 
sels except ferryboats, must be of sufficient strength to 
carry the boat with its full load. 

It shall be the duty of the master or officer in charge of 
all such vessels to see that the boat davit falls shall at all 
times be in readiness for immediate use, and protected 
from ice, and not painted, and such boat davit falls on all 
boats not swung out at boat drills shall be cut adrift and 
overhauled; and it shall be unlawful to stow in any life- 
boat articles other than those required by law and regu- 
lations. Lifeboats and life rafts must be stripped, 
cleaned, painted, and thoroughly overhauled at least once 
in every year. All lifeboats shall have their cubical con- 
tents painted on the stem in black letters and figures not 
less than three-fourths of an inch high on a white ground. 

LIFEBOATS REQUIRED. 

r § s. 4481, 4488 ' 7. All vessels of 50 gross tons or over not carrying pas- 
sengers, navigated under the provisions of Title LII, Re- 
vised Statutes of the United States, shall at all times be 
equipped with sufficient boat capacity to carry the crew of 
Said vessel with safety, capacity to be determined by the 
rules of the Board of Supervising Inspectors: Provided, 
, That steamers of less than 150 gross tons, while engaged 
exclusively in harbor towing, may substitute one or more 
life rafts for the lifeboats required, when the lifeboats 
interfere with the practical operation of the steamer, and 
such substitution may be made with safety, it being un- 
derstood that when such vessel engages in service other 
than harbor towing she must be equipped with boats as 
required by the Rules and Regulations. 
§4481,11. s g. All vessels of less than 50 gross tons, navigated 

under the provisions of Title LII, Revised Statutes of the 
United States, and not carrying passengers, must be 
equipped with boats or rafts as in the opinion of the 
inspectors may be necessary to secure the safety of all 
persons on board in case of disaster. 

r §| 443i, 4488, 9 # All vessels inspected under the provisions of Title 
LII, Revised Statutes of the United States, carrying pas- 
sengers' for hire, shall be required to be provided with 
lifeboats according to the following tables: Provided, 
That no vessel shall be required to have more lifeboat 
capacity than sufficient to carry all the passengers and 
crew allowed by the certificate of inspection. And at 
least one lifeboat shall be of metal, unless exempted by the 
supervising inspector of the district where the vessel was 
last inspected: It is further provided, That all such ves- 
sels of 50 gross tons and upward must have one working 
boat in addition to the lifeboats required by the tables: 
Provided, That all steamers that are used exclusively as 
fire boats and connected or belonging to a regularly organ- 
ized fire department shall not be required to carry the 



73 



lifeboats required by the following tables, but shall be (III, 9) 
required to carry such boats or rafts as in the judgment 
of the local inspectors or supervising inspectors may be 
necessary to carry the crew: Provided, That stern-wheel 
towboats engaged 'exclusively in the business of towing 
shall not be required to carry the boats technically known 
as lifeboats, described in this Rule III, or metallic life- 
boats, but shall be required to carry such boats only as, 
in the judgment of the local inspectors, will, by their 
number, capacity, character, and equipment, fully pro- 
vide for the safety of the crew of the vessel. 

10. Cubical capacity of lifeboats required on passenger vessels navigating § 4481 ' R - s - 
rivers other than the Red River of the North, rivers whose ivaters flow into 

the Gulf of Mexico, and the Yukon River and other similar rivers, except 

vessels of 150 gross tons and under, hereinafter provided for. 

Cubic feet. 

Vessels over 150 and not over 300 gross tons 360 

Vessels over 300 and not over 600 gross tons 540 

Vessels over 600 and not over 900 gross tons 720 

Vessels over 900 and not over 1,20(> gross tons 900 

Vessels over 1,200 gross tons 1, 080 

11. Cubical capacity of lifeboats required on passenger vessels navigating § 4481 » R - s - 
the Red River of the North, rivers whose waters flow into the Gulf of 

Mexico, the Yukon and other similar rivers, excepting vessels of 150 
gross tons and under, hereinafter provided for. 

Cubic feet. 

Vessels over 150 and not over 300 gross tons 240 

Vessels over 300 and not over 600 gross tons 360 

Vessels over 600 and not over 900 gross tons 480 

Vessels over 900 and not over 1,200 gross tons 600 

Vessels over 1,200 gross tons 720 

12. Cubical capacity of lifeboats required on passenger vessels navigating §§ 4481 » 4488 . 
northwestern lakes, bays, and sounds, except vessels of 150 gross tons and 

under, hereinafter provided for. 



Gross tons. 


Capacity 
of boats. 


Gross tons. 


Capacity, 
of boats. 


Vessels over— 
150 and not over 200 


Cubic feet: 

360 

540 

720 

900 

1,080 

1,2(30 

1,440 


Vessels over— 

2,000 and not over 2,500 

2,500 and not over 3,000 

3,000 and not over 3,500 

3,500 and not over 4,000 

4,000 and not over 4,500 

4,500 and not over 5,000 

5,000 and not over 5,500 


Cubic feet. 
1,620 
1,800 
1,980 
2,160 
2,340 
2,835 
3,330 


200 and not over 300 


300 and not over 400 


400 and not over 500 


500 and not over 1,000 

1,000 and not over 1,500 

1,500 and not over 2,000 



Steamers above 5,500 gross tons shall be furnished with 
an additional boat of not less than 495 cubic feet capacity 
for each additional 500 tons burden or fraction thereof. 



(Ill) 

§ 4488, R. S. 



74 

13. Cubical capacity of lifeboats 'required on pt^^ 

oceans, except vessels of 150 gross tons and under, hereinafter provided 
for. 



passenger 



navigating 





Total 




Total 


Gross tons. 


capacity 
of boats. 


Gross tons. 


capacity 
of boats. 






Vessels over — 


Cubicfeet. 


Vessels over — 


Cubic feet. 


150 and not over 200 


540 


9,500 and not over 10,000 . . . 


7,920 
8,145 
8,370 
8,595 


200 and not over 300 


720 


10,000 and not over 10,500 . . 


300 and not over 400 


1,080 
1,260 
1,620 


10,500 and not over 11,000 . . 


400 and not over 500 


11,000 and not over 11,500 . . 


500 and not over 1,000 


11,500 and not over 12,000 . . 


8,820 


1,000 and not over 1,500 


1,800 


• 12,000 and not over 12,500 . . 


9,045 


1,500 and not over 2,000 


2,160 


12,500 and not over 13,000 . . 


9,270 


2,000 and not over 2,500 


2,340 


13,000 and not over 13,500 . . 


9,495 


2,500 and not over 3,000 


2,700 


13,500 and not over 14,000 .. 


9,720 


3,000 and not over 3,500 


2,880 


14,000 and not over 14,500 . . 


9,945 


3,500 and not over 4,000 


3,240 


14,500 and not over 15,000 . . 


10, 170 


4,000 and not over 5,000 


3,420 


15,000 and not over 15,500 . . 


10,395 


5,000 and not over 5,500 


3,870 


15,500 and not over 16,000 . . 


10, 620 


5,500 and not over 6,000 


4,320 


16,000 and not over 16,500 . . 


10, 845 


6,000 and not over 6,500 


4,770 


16,500 and not over 17,000 .. 


11,070 


6,500 and not over 7,000 


5,220 


17,000 and not over 17,500 .. 


11,295 


7,000 and not over 7,500 


5,670 


17,500 and not over 18,000 .. 


11,520 


7,500 and not over 8,000 


6,120 


18,000 and not over 18,500 . . 


11,745 


8,000 and not over 8,500 


6,570 


18,500 and not over 19,000 .. 


11,970 


8,500 and not over 9,000 


7,020 


19,000 and not over 19,500.. 


12, 195 


9,000 and not over 9,500 


7,470 


19,500 and not over 20,000 . . 


12, 420 



§ 4488, R. S. 



§ 4405, R. S. 



Vessels of over 20,000 gross tons shall be provided with 
an additional boat capacity of 225 cubic feet for each ad- 
ditional 500 gross tons, or fraction thereof. 

14. Not more than one-third of the lifeboat capacity 
required on any vessels may be substituted by its equiva- 
lent in approved life rafts or approved collapsable (fold- 
ing) lifeboats. 

15. Boats required on ocean vessels of 150 gross tons 
and over shall be of suitable dimensions and of not less 
than 180 cubic feet capacity, and every such boat shall be 
equipped with 2 life lines, a painter, rudder, yoke, and 
yoke ropes, as already specified in section 5; also a full 
set of oars and rowlocks, 1 spare oar and rowlock, 1 steer- 
ing oar, with rowlock or becket, 2 boat hooks, 1 bailer, 1 
bucket; 1 lugsail, with sheet, tack, and reef earings, in a 
water-tight canvas bag; 1 mast and 1 yard, with necessary 
rigging, 1 boat compass, 1 lantern, 1 gallon can of illumi- 
nating oil, at least 1 box of matches wrapped in a water- 
proof package and carried in a box attached to the under- 
side or the stern thwart, 1 breaker of fresh water of at 
least 15 gallons capacity, 1 sealed tin containing 25 p6unds 
of hard bread, 1 waterproof canvas bag 6 inches diameter 
and 15 inches long containing palm and needles, sail twine, 
marline, marline spike, hatchet, smoker's flint and steel, 
a small bottle of spirits of turpentine for priming lantern 
wicks. Every such lifeboat shall also be provided with 6 
night distress signals in a metallic case. 



75 

Distress signals, when fired by friction devices, are (III, 15) 
allowed when stowed in metal cases and protected by 
cotton at the end and so arranged as to be reversible 
before applying friction. 

Provided, That all pleasure steamers, and all other 
steamers over 150 tons but not exceeding 750 tons, limited 
by their certificates of inspection to routes not more than 
15 miles from any harbor, shall not be required to have 
more than one of the lifeboats to be of 180 cubic feet 
capacity, but such lifeboat of 180 cubic feet capacity 
shall be equipped in accordance with this section. 
Nothing, however, in this proviso shall exempt any such 
steamer from carrying the aggregate cubic feet of lifeboat 
capacity provided for by the tables; and all lifeboats of 
less than 180 cubic feet capacity referred to in this pro- 
viso shall be equipped according to the provisions of sec- 
tion 5, Rule III. 

16. Cubical capacity of boats required on passenger vessels of 150 gross tons §| 4481 » 4488 » 
and under navigating oceans, lakes, bays, sounds, and rivers. 

Cubic feet. 

Vessels not over 10 gross tons 75 

Vessels over 10 and not over 30 gross tons 90 

Vessels over 30 and not over 50 gross tons 120 

Vessels over 50 and not over 100 gross -tons 135 

Vessels over 100 and not over 150 gross tons 165 

SAIL-VESSEL EQUIPMENT. 

17. Local inspectors inspecting sail vessels of over 100 §4417 « R - s - 

gross tons, carrying passengers on the ocean or on the 
igh seas, under the provisions of section 4417, Revised 
Statutes, as amended by the act of Congress approved 
December 21, 1898, shall require such sail vessels to be 
equipped with a life-preserver for every person on board, 
passengers and crew, and with lifeboats, in accordance 
with the requirements of the rule applying to ocean 
steamers carrying passengers. 

MARKING CAPACITY ON LIFE RAFTS. 

18. There shall be stenciled in a conspicuous place on § 4405 - R - s - 
each life raft now in use the number of persons said life 

raft can carry, as hereinafter provided. 

CAPACITY OF COLLAPSABLE BOATS, CARLEY LIFE FLOATS, AND LIFE RAFTS. 

Engelhardt collapsable boats. 

19. 12-foot boat, except when carried on davits, 17 § 4488R - S - 
persons. 

20-foot boat, except when carried on davits, 28 persons. 



(Ill, 19) 



76 

Carley life 



loats. 



No. of 
float. 



Size of float. 



8 by 4 feet 

8 by 5 feet 

10 by 6feet 

12by8feet 

3 feet 6 inches by 6 feet 

3 feet 9 inches by 6 feet 6 inches . 

4 by 7 feet 

4 feet 6 inches by 7 feet 6 inches 

4 feet 6 inches by 8 feet 6 inches 

5 by 8 feet 

do 

5 by 9 feet 

5 by 10 feet 

6 by 10 feet 

6 feet 6 inches by 10 feet 6 inches 

7 by 12 feet 

8 by 12 feet 

9 by 14 feet 

5 by 8 feet 

5 by 10 feet 



Diameter 
of tube. 



Inches. 
14! 
16J 

m 

20i 

12 

13 

14 

14 

14 

14 

15 

15 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

14i 

15| 



Minimum, 
number of 
compart- 
ments. 



Number of 
persons 

carried and 
allowed. 



Balsa wood life raft. 
11 feet by A\ feet, 12-inch cylinders, 7 persons. 

Bar stow life rafts. 









Number of 


Length of 


Width of 


Depth of 


persons 


tank. 


tank. 


tank. 


carried and 
allowed. 


Feet. 


Feet. 


Inches. 




14 


6 


14 


36 


14 


5 


14 


36 


12 


5 


14 


28 


12 


4 


14 


25 


10 


4 


14 


24 


8 


4 


14 


16 


6 


4 


14 


12 


5 


3 


12 


8 



Cylinder life rafts, approved specifications. 



Length over 
all. 


Width out- 
side of 
guards. 


Diameter of 
cylinders. 


Number of 
persons 

carried and 
allowed. 


Ft. in. 
16 8 
16 6 
14 
12 2 
8 


Ft. in. 
6 7J 
5 8 
5 6 
5 7 
5 2 


Inches. 
22 
16 
16 
16 
16 


28 
16 
14 
14 

7 



4488, R. S. 



20. Engelhardt collapsable lifeboats, Carley life floats, 
and the three kinds of life rafts specified in the preceding 
section, of different dimensions from the foregoing, may 
be tested by the supervising inspector of the district in 






77 

which they are made, after their specifications have been (III, 20) 
approved by the Supervising Inspector-General, and al- 
lowed the number 01 persons which they actually carry 
in said trial, the Supervising Inspector-General issuing a 
circular letter giving the rating allowed after trial of each 
new size. 

The Engelhard t collapsable (folding) lifeboat shall be 
rated as a lifeboat when extended under the davits. One 
nest of two such lifeboats shall be allowed under one set 
of davits on steam vessels of 3,500 to 5,000 gross tons, 
and one nest of three such lifeboats shall be allowed on 
steam vessels of 5,000 gross tons and upward. 

Engelhardt collapsable lifeboats shall be fully equipped 
as lifeboats as required by these rules and regulations, 
and shall be measured in accordance with the rules for 
measuring lifeboats (section 2, Rule III). The depth of 
the boat shall be taken from the inside of the bottom 
planking of the bottom. The cubical capacity thereof 
shall be determined by multiplying the length, breadth, 
and depth together, and multiplying that product by .7. 

KAPOK AND LOOSE GRANULATED CORK LIFE-PRESERVERS. 

21. All life rafts and life-preservers made in whole or § 4488 » R - S - 
in part of loose granulated cork shall be excluded from 

use on all vessels. 

All kapok life-preservers heretofore approved by this 
Board shall be excluded from use on all vessels. 

Provided, That this section shall take effect on and 
after May 1, 1905. 

EQUIPMENT FOR BARGES. 

22. Barges carrying passengers on any routes shall §*«2,R-s. 
have a life-preserver or float for each and every person 
allowed to be carried, and in addition thereto shall be 
supplied with 10 buckets, 2 barrels of not less than 40 
gallons each, and 3 axes, 1 hand fire pump capable of 
discharging 100 cubic inches of water at each stroke, and 
sufficient length of regulation hose to reach to all parts of 

the vessel, and 2 yawl boats of not less than 120 feet 
capacity each, equipped with 4 oars each. 

All barges carrying passengers shall be inclosed by a 
good and substantial rail not less than 3 feet high. 

LIFEBOATS FOR SMALL STEAM VESSLES. 

23. The lifeboat referred to in the table for passenger § 4488> R - s - 
steamers of 10 tons or under must be either carried or 

towed at all times when being navigated with passengers 
on board. 

24. All open steam launches or other steam vessels of § 4488 > R - s - 
5 gross tons or less, used for pleasure purposes only, shall 

not be required to carry a lifeboat. 



78 

(III) LINE-CARRYING GUNS, ROCKETS, AND PROJECTILES. 

4488, r. s. 25. All ocean steam pleasure vessels and ocean steam 
vessels carrying passengers, except vessels of 150 gross tons 
and under, shall be provided with at least three line- 
carrying projectiles and the means of propelling them, 
such as may have received the formal approval of the 
Board of Supervising Inspectors. 

All cast bronze guns of the Lyle type, approved by the 
Board of Supervising Inspectors, January, 1890, for use 
on board of steam vessels as a means of propelling line- 
carrying projectiles, shall be composed of an alloy which 
shall have a tensile strength of not less than 52,000 pounds 
per square inch of section and a ductility of not less than 
26 per cent, as shown by reduction of area. 

All Hunt's line-carrying guns, large; Hunt's line-carry- 
ing guns, small; Hunt guns No. 2, and Lyle line-carrying 
guns shall be tested in the presence of an inspector or 
assistant inspector by firing the same three rounds. One 
round, at least, must carry the regular service projectile, 
with a service line attached, a distance of at least 1,500 
feet. The other two rounds must be fired with the same 
charge of powder, and the projectile must have the same 
weight as the service projectile, but no line need be 
attached. 

Provided, That when the Hunt line-carrying gun, small, 
is tested, the distance the projectile must carry the line 
need not exceed 800 feet. 

At least one sample of the material shall be taken from 
the lower portion or the sinking head in each gun, and shall 
be not less than 7 inches in length, 2 inches in width, $ 
inch in thickness, and have a section .5 by .75 inch over a 
length of 2 inches, according to the following diagram: 

«» 3 inches. J- 



2 inches. )■ \ 2 inches. 



y 



._ 7 inches. 



All samples shall be furnished to the supervising in- 
spector of the district for testing, and shall be accompa- 
nied by an affidavit of the manufacturer that such samples 
were taken from guns, each of which shall be distinctly 
marked, so as to be readily identified by the inspectors. 
§4488,r.s. 26. When approved rockets are used instead of guns, 
there shall be, m every case, at least three of said rockets ; 
and all steamers that are required under the law to carry 
line-carrying projectiles and the means of propelling them 
shall be supplied auxiliary thereto with at least 800 feet 
of 3-inch manila line for vessels of 100 to 500 gross tons 
and 1,500 feet of said line for steamers above 500 gross 
tons, such auxiliary line to be kept always ready for use 



79 

in connection with the gun and rocket, and which lines (III, 26) 
shall not be used for any other purpose. 

27. The test rounds required by section 25 must be fired § 4405 - R - s - 
from the gun when mounted on its own carriage, lashed as 

it would be in shipboard use. The line must be coiled, 
faked or reeled in its own faking box, or reel; and gun, 
carriage and line box, or reel, must all bear the same 
number, and must be initialed by the inspector, whose 
report, giving number, date, and result, will be filed in 
the office of the supervising inspector of the district in 
which the test is made. 

28. The supervising inspector shall furnish the manu- § 4405, R ' s ' 
f acturer of any Lyle or Hunt line-carrying guns a copy of 

the report on each gun tested and inspected, as provided 
in sections 25 and 27. 

The master of every vessel equipped with a line-carrying 
gun shall drill his crew in the use thereof, and fire said 
gun at least once in every three months, using the service 
projectile and line. 

It shall be the duty of the inspectors, at the annual 
inspections, to see that these drills are entered on the log 
of the vessels. 

LIFE-PRESERVERS. 

29. Every vessel inspected under the provisions of § 4488 - R - s - 
Title LII, Revised Statutes of the United States, shall 

be provided with one good life-preserver, having the 
approval of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, for 
each and every person allowed to be carried on said vessel 
by the certificate of inspection. 

Every life-preserver adjustable to the body of a person 
shall be made of good cork blocks or other suitable mate- 
rial approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, 
with belts and shoulder straps properly attached, and 
shall be so constructed as to place the device underneath 
the shoulders and around the body of the person wearing 
it. All such life-preservers shall be not less than 52 
inches in length when measured laid flat ; and every cork 
life-preserver shall contain an aggregate weight of at 
least 6 pounds of good cork, and every life-preserver 
shall be capable of sustaining for a continuous period of 
twenty-four hours an attached weight so arranged that 
whether the said weight be submerged or not there shall 
be a direct downward gravitation pull upon said life- 
preserver of at least 20 pounds. 

All life-preservers shall be covered with material of 
sufficient weight and strength to fully protect the con- 
tents, such material to be or a strength equivalent to un- 
bleached cotton twill not less than 6 ounces in weight to a 
section of 30 by 36 inches. Such covering on each life- 
preserver shall be of one piece only, and the outside lon- 
gitudinal edges of the covering at the seam must be turned 
to a roll and closely rope-stitched. Each life-preserver 
shall have two shoulder straps of heavy double-woven 



80 

(III, 29) cotton tape 1 J inches in width. Each strap shall be made 
of one piece only, and such straps shall be not less than 23 
inches net in length, and shall be securely attached to the 
covering of the life-preserver- by not less than four rows 
of stitching and at not less than two places for each strap, 
the rear ends of the straps to be sewed on not less than 3 
nor more than 5 inches from the center of the upper edge 
of the jacket, measured to the center of the straps. The 
said shoulder straps shall be securely attached to each 
other by not less than four rows of stitching at the point 
where they cross each other on the back, the forward ends 
to be sewed on the jacket in such a position as to allow it 
to be opened out to its full length without straining the 
cross seizing. There shall also be on each life-preserver 
a breast or button strap of heavy double-woven cotton 
tape 1 inch wide and 12 inches long, one end of which 
shall be securely fastened to one shoulder strap by four 
rows of stitching at a point 4 inches above the jacket, and 
the other end of such breast strap shall be doubled back 
2 inches and a buttonhole worked through both parts. 
A button of noncorrosive material shall be securely sewed 
on the other shoulder strap 4 inches above the jacket. 
There shall also be on each life-preserver a belt of heavy 
double-woven cotton tape 1J inches wide, extending 
along the middle line on the outside of the jacket, se- 
curely sewed to the covering of the life-preserver at not 
less than six places, the end blocks being left free, and the 
ends of the belt to extend 12 inches beyond the ends of 
the jacket. All thread used in the construction of life- 
preservers must be linen of a size and strength not less 
than Barbour's three-cord No. 25 machine thread, and 
the seams must be sewed in such a manner that the straps 
can not be ripped off without tearing the material. All 
seams and other machine sewing on life-preservers shall 
be with a short lock stitch, not less than 8 stitches to the 
inch. 

Blocks of compressed or consolidated cork when used 
in life-preservers must weigh in the aggregate not less 
than 6 pounds to each life-preserver, and must be so con- 
structed that said blocks will sustain, without disintegra- 
tion or substantial expansion, a submersion test satisfac- 
tory to the inspector examining the same, and that at the 
expiration of such test must have the buoyancy above 
required. Where the blocks of life-preservers are made 
up of separate pieces of cork, said pieces shall be fastened 
with noncorrosive materials. 

After the approval of this rule no life-preserver shall 
be passed at the factory inspection which does not fulfill 
the foregoing requirements, but life-preservers now in use 
or already passed at factory inspection may be used on 
board vessels, provided they are constructed in accord- 
ance with the laws and regulations in force up to the date 
of approval of this section, and are in good and serv- 
iceable condition: Provided, however, That nothing in this 



81 

section shall be construed so as to allow the use after May (III, 29) 
1, 1905, of life-preservers made of kapok or loose granu- 
lated cork: Provided, That all block-cork life-preservers 
now in use that have been approved by this Board shall 
be passed by the local inspectors when they are not less 
than 48 inches in length and have the other necessary re- 
quirements. Inspectors are further required to direct 
such life-preservers to be distributed throughout the cab- 
ins, staterooms, berths, and other places convenient for 
passengers on such steamers ; and there shall be a printed 
notice posted in every cabin and stateroom and in con- 
spicuous places about the decks, informing passengers of 
the location of life-preservers and other life-saving appli- 
ances, and of the mode of applying or adjusting the same. 
Life-preservers on passenger, excursion, and ferry steam- 
ers when stowed overhead must be so supported that 
they can be quickly released and distributed among the 
passengers, and the inspector must satisfy himself as to 
the efficiency of the means used for such purpose by actual 
experiment. And when such life-preservers are stowed 
overhead at a height greater than 7 feet from the deck 
below efficient means must be provided for such immedi- 
ate release and distribution, to be operated by persons 
standing on the deck below. 

The supervising inspector of the district shall detail a 
local or assistant inspector to any place where life-pre- 
servers are manufactured, whose duty it shall be to test 
and examine all life-preservers manufactured at that place 
and satisfy himself that such life-preservers are in accord- 
ance with the requirements of the Board of Supervising 
Inspectors. When found to be in accordance with the 
requirements, the inspector shall stamp them with a 
stamp bearing the initials of his name and the date of ex- 
amination, and certifying that they have been examined 
and passed. When life-preservers are so stamped it shall 
be prima facie evidence that they comply with the re- 
quirements of law and regulations as to their original 
construction, and they may thereafter be accepted by 
inspectors, in their discretion, as being in accordance with 
the rules and regulations of the Board of Supervising 
Inspectors. 

WOODEN LIFE FLOATS. 

30. Provided, That vessels navigating rivers and carry- § 4488 > R - s 
ing passengers shall be allowed to use wooden floats, when 
made as approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, 
one for each deck or steerage passenger. 

When wooden life floats are used in accordance with the 
above paragraph, they shall be of the following dimen- 
sions: 4 feet in length, 14 inches in breadth, and 2 inches 
in thickness. The floats shall be made of well-seasoned 
white pine or of any other wood not exceeding white pine 
in weight per cubic foot. 
26191—07 6 



82 

(III, 30) RING BUOYS. 

Whenever they deem it necessary for the safety of pas- 
sengers or crew, inspectors may require a vessel to carry, 
not to exceed four, ring buoys, either with or without 
attached lines. It is recommended that ring buoys hung 
on a steamer's gangways have the line attached to both 
the vessel and the buoy, and that those hung on the super- 
structure have no line and be as light as is oossible with 
the necessary buoyancy. 

steamer's name on equipments. 

§4405, r.s. 3i All the equipments of a steamer, such as buckets, 

hose, axes, boats, oars, rafts, life-preservers, floats, bar- 
rels, and tanks, shall be painted or branded with the 
name of the steamer upon which they are used. 

DRAGS OR FLOATING ANCHORS. 

4488, r. s. 32. Drags or floating anchors shall be constructed so as 

to be capable of being compactly stowed near the head of 
the ship. 

Steamers navigating the ocean must be provided with 
at least one drag, of area as follows : For steamers of 400 
gross tons and under, not less than 25 superficial feet; for 
steamers of over 400 gross tons, the area of drag shall not 
be less than that determined by adding to 25 square feet 
1 square foot for each additional 25 gross tons above 400 
tons. Example: The area of a drag on a vessel of 1,000 
tons will equal: 

25 + 1,000- 400 = 49squarefeet 

Steamers of over 5,000 gross tons may be equipped with 
two or more drags, provided the total area is not less than 
that required by this rule. Steamers whose routes do not 
extend off anchorage are not required to have drags or 
floating anchors on board. 

BULKHEADS. 

§ 4490, r. s.« 33. Every seagoing steamer and every steamer navigat- 
ing the great Northern and Northwestern lakes carrying 

a Sec. 3. That steam vessels of one hundred tons burden or under 
engaged in the coastwise bays and harbors of the United States may- 
be licensed by the United States local inspectors of steam vessels to 
carry passengers or excursions on the ocean or upon the Great Lakes 
of the North or Northwest, not exceeding fifteen miles from the mouth 
of such bays or harbors, without being required to have the three 
water-tight cross bulkheads provided by section forty-four hundred 
and ninety of the Revised Statutes for other passenger steamers: Pro- 
vided, That in the judgment of the local inspectors such steamers shall 
be safe and suitable for such navigation without danger to human life, 
and that they shall have one water-tight collision bulkhead not less 
than five feet abaft the stem of said steamer. (Act approved July 9, 
1886.) 



83 

passengers for hire shall have not less than three water- (III, 33) 
tight cross bulkheads. Such bulkheads shall reach to the 
main deck in single-decked vessels, otherwise to the deck 
next below the main deck. The collision bulkhead, how- 
ever, shall in every case reach to the deck next above the 
load water line. For wooden hulls they shall be fastened 
to suitable framework, which framework must be securely 
attached to the hull and calked. For iron hulls they shall 
be well secured to the framework of the hulls and strength- 
ened by stanchions of angle iron placed not more than 2 
feet from center to center. One or the bulkheads must be 
placed forward and one abaft of the engines and boilers. 

The third or collision bulkhead must be placed not 
nearer than 5 feet from the stem of the vessel. Iron 
bulkheads must be made not less than one-fourth of an 
inch in thickness, and wooden bulkheads must be of equal 
strength and covered with metal plates not less than one- 
sixteenth of an inch in thickness. 

The covering of wooden bulkheads on the forward side 
of the one forward of the engines and boilers, and on the 
after side of the one abaft the engines and boilers, shall be 
at the discretion of the inspectors; but no discretion is 
allowed as to the covering on the sides next to the engines 
and boilers, on bulkheads built after the approval of this 
rule (July 12, 1906). 

34. Wherever the words " passenger steamer," " steamer 
carrying passengers," or " vessel carrying passengers" 
occur in this entire rule (Rule III), the said words shall 
be construed to mean, and apply to, only vessels carry- 
ing passengers for hire, and the words " carrying passen- 
gers" shall be construed to mean " carrying passengers 
for hire." 

Rule IV. — Fire Apparatus. 

Section. 

Axes for passenger steamers 1 

Axes for other than passenger steamers 2 

Axes, where located and how kept 4 

Barrels for passenger steamers 1 

Barrels for other than passenger steamers 2 

Bilge pipes required 14 

Buckets for passenger steamers 1 

Buckets for other than passenger steamers 2 

Cotton, baled, how bound and covered 5 

Hemp, baled, how bound and covered 5 

Fire extinguishers, chemical, regulations regarding 13 

Pipes for conducting water from fire pumps, how constructed 15 

Pipes for carrying steam into hold, how constructed 7 

Pipes leading from pumps, diameter of 10 

Pumps or equivalents for certain steamers 8 

Pumps must be of certain capacity. ..". 9 

Pumps, rotary, allowed under certain conditions 11 

Pumps for testing boilers 12 

Pumps, what constitutes an equivalent for certain steamers 13 

Pumps, steam fire, how equipped 14 

Siphon steam pump allowed under certain conditions 16 

Sounding pipe required in each compartment 14 

Spark arresters for certain western steamers 6 

Tarpaulin, certain articles to be covered with 5 

Water, provisions for keeping, for fire 3 



84 



(IV) 

4426, 
R. S. 



4426, R. S. 



1. All steamers carrying passengers are required to be 
provided with fire buckets, barrels, and axes, as follows : 



Gross tons. 


Barrels. 


Buckets. 


Axes. 


All steamers not'Over* 10 tons 




2 

4 

6 

8 

18 

24 

35 

50 


1 


All steamers over 10 tons and not over 25 tons 




1 


All steamers over 25 tons and not over 50 tons 


1 
1 
2 
4 

6 
8 


2 




2 


All steamers over 100 tons and not over 200 tons 

All steamers over 200 tons and not over 500 tons 

All steamers over 500 tons and not over 1,000 tons 

All steamers over 1,000 tons 


4 
6 
8 
10 







Provided, That all steamers that are constructed wholly 
of iron or steel plates and whose deck houses or super- 
structure is constructed wholly of iron or steel plates, 
carrying passengers, shall not be required to carry any 
water barrels or tanks, as required by the preceding table. 

2. For freight and towing steamers: 



Gross tons. 


Barrels. 


Buckets. 


Axes. 






2 

4 

6 

8 

12 

15 

20 

25 


1 


All steamers over 10 tons and not over 25 tons 




1 


All steamers over 25 tons and not over 50 tons 


1 
1 
1 
2 
3 
4 


2 


All steamers over 50 tons and not over 100 tons 


2 


All steamers over 100 tons and not over 200 tons 

All steamers over 200 tons and not over 500 tons 

All steamers over 500 tons and not over 1,000 tons 


2 
3 
4 
5 


Provided, however, That tanks of suitable dimensions 
and arrangements, or buckets in sufficient number, may 
be substituted for barrels on all vessels. Five buckets 
shall be considered ag equivalent to one barrel. 





R. S. 



Provided, That all freight and towing steamers that are 
constructed wholly of iron or steel plates and whose deck 
houses are constructed of iron or steel plates shall not be 
required to carry any water barrels or tanks, as required 
by the preceding table. 
§| 4426, 4483, 3. Yive buckets, barrels, or tanks must, when practi- 
cable, be constantly filled with water and in such positions 
on board as shall be most convenient for extinguishment 
of fire. 
§§ 4426, 4483, 4. All axes must be located so as to be readily found in 
time of need, must not be used for general purposes, and 
must be kept in good condition. 

5. All hay, straw, or other inflammable material carried 
on the open deck of any steamer carrying passengers shall 
be covered with a tarpaulin. 

All baled cotton shall be securely bound and covered 
with bagging on at least three-quarters of its surface, 
including both ends of the bale. No bales of imported 
or domestic hemp shall be received on any vessel carrying 

Eassengers, unless the same are properly compressed, 
ound with rope, wire, or metallic bands, and covered on 
ends or sides, according to the several methods now prac- 
ticed in foreign and domestic trade. 



§ 4472, R. 



85 

6. All steamers on western rivers having their boilers (IV) 
situated so that the sparks from the fires may be driven § 4470, r. s. 
back among combustible materials shall have a sheet-iron 

fender extending forward from the fire doors not less than 
2 feet, at the height of the furnace fronts, and connecting 
with the same. 

7. The main pipes and their branches, on steamers car- § ** 70 * R - s - 
rying passengers or freight, to convey steam from the 

boilers to the hold and separate compartments of the 
same, except the cabins, shall not be less than 1 J inches in 
diameter, except on steamers employed on western rivers, 
constructed prior to June 30, 1905, which steamers may 
use branch pipes not less than three-fourths of an inch 
in diameter. Steam pipes of not less than three-fourths 
of an inch in diameter must be led to all lamp lockers, oil 
rooms, and like compartments, which lamp lockers, oil 
rooms, and compartments, in all classes of vessels, must 
be wholly and tightly lined with metal. All branch pipes 
leading into the several compartments of the hold of the 
vessel shall be supplied with valves, the handles distinctly 
marked to indicate the compartment or parts of the vessel 
to which they lead. 

These valves or their handles shall be placed in the 
most accessible part of the main deck of the vessel and so 
arranged that all can be inclosed in a box or casing, the 
door of which shall be plainly marked with the words 
"Steam fire apparatus." 

On all oil-tank steamers the valves, instead of being 
located near the hatches on the upper deck, shall be all in 
an accessible house in which the operator is well pro- 
tected from heat and smoke : Provided, That on oil-tank 
steamers a main line of steam smothering pipe of sufficient 
area to supply all branch pipes leading from the same to 
the tanks may be run the entire length of the deck, and 
only the main stop valve of the main line shall be required 
to be housed. All branch pipes shall be provided with 
valves which shall be left open at all times, so that the 
steam may enter all compartments simultaneously. 
Such branches as may not be required after the fire is 
definitely located may be shut off, in order that the entire 
system may be concentrated on one tank. 

Provided, That carbonic-acid gas or other extinguish- 
ing gases or vapors may be substituted in place of steam 
as aforesaid and for the above-described purposes, when 
such gas or vapor and the apparatus for producing and 
distributing the same shall have been approved by the 
Board of Supervising Inspectors: Provided, That the use 
of such apparatus shall be allowed by law. 

8. Steamers required to be provided with double-acting § 4471, r. s. 
steam fire pumps or other equivalents for throwing water 

shall be equipped with such pumps according to their ton- 
nage, as follows: 

Steamers over 20 tons and not exceeding 150 gross tons 
shall have not less than 50 cubic inches pump-cylinder 



4471, R. S. 



4471, R. S. 



86 

(IV, 8) capacity. Steamers of over 150 gross tons and under 
3,000 tons shall have not less than one-third of 1 cubic 
inch pump-cylinder capacity for every gross ton. Steam- 
ers of 3,000 gross tons and over shall have pump cylinder 
of not less than 1,000 cubic inches capacity. This rule 
shall apply only to pumps installed after June 30, 1907, 
and all pumps now approved and in use or installed 
before said date shall be accepted if complying with the 
requirements of law and regulations in force at the time 
of the adoption of this rule. 

Upon such steamers fire mains shall be led from the 
pumps to all decks, with sufficient number of outlets ar- 
ranged so that any part of the steamer can be reached 
with water with the full capacity of the pumps and by 
means of a single 50-foot length of hose from at least one 
of said outlets. On all classes of steamers every such 
pump shall be fitted with a gauge and a relief valve ad- 
justed to lift 100 pounds pressure. 

9. Steamers are not restricted to any particular propor- 
tions for fire pumps. Any dimensions that will attain the 
requirements specified in section 8, or greater in capacity, 
may be allowed: Provided, however, That all hydrant 
connections be supplied with suitable spanners. 

10. The capacity of the pipes and hose leading from the 
pumps must in no case be less than that of the discharge 
opening of the pump: Provided, however, That the pipe 
and hose shall in no instance be less than \\ inches m 
internal diameter. 

And provided further, That steamers of 15 tons and 
under may be allowed to use hose of three-fourths of an 
inch internal diameter, but in no case shall it be less than 
the discharge opening of the pumps, it being further pro- 
vided that open boats of less than 10 gross tons that are 
fully equipped with buckets, as required by these rules 
and regulations, shall not be required to carry hose. 

4471, r. s. 11. A rotary pump, when driven by an engine inde- 

pendent of the main engine, may be considered as an 
equivalent for the double-acting fire pump, and used as 
such when equal to it in efficiency and capacity. 

4471, r. s. 12. Any steamer having on board an independent 

steam pump and an auxiliary boiler suitably arranged and 
of sufficient strength and capacity for testing the boilers 
thereof; or if one of the hand fire pumps be suitably ar- 
ranged and of sufficient strength and capacity for testing 
the boilers; or if the "doctor," so called, when arranged 
permanently for testing the boilers, is, in the judgment of 
the inspectors, suitable for the purposes intended, may be 
considered as having complied with the law requiring a 
pump for testing boilers. 

4471, r. s. i3. Any steamer of 50 gross tons or under, required to 

have a double-acting steam fire pump, and having in use 
on board a ' 'doctor/ 7 so called, may be considered as hav- 
ing a lawful equivalent for such a pump when such ' 'doc- 
tor" has pipes attached to it leading to the upper and 



87 

between decks, such pipes being provided with hose and (IV, 13) 
valves, according to law ; but the pipes and hose shall in 
no case be less than 1 \ inches in internal diameter. The 
pumps for supplying the boilers shall in no case be con- 
sidered as an equivalent for the double-acting steam fire 
pump on steamers above 50 gross tons. Every steamer 
exceeding 150 gross tons and not otherwise provided for 
shall be provided with one good double-acting fire pump 
to be worked by hand: Provided, That when a steam 
pump is equipped to work by hand the same shall be ac- 
cepted as a hand fire pump. Each chamber shall be of 
sufficient capacity, and the stroke so regulated, that not 
less than 100 cubic inches of water shall be displaced by 
each stroke of the piston. m Each pump shall be placed in 
the most suitable part of the vessel for efficient service, 
having suitable, w^ell-fitted hose to such pump long enough 
to reach to all parts of the vessel, kept at all times in per- 
fect order, with brakes shipped up and hose coupled on 
ready for immediate use. 

All steamers of more than 20 tons, carrying passengers, § 4479, r. s. 
including pleasure vessels, shall be provided with such 
number of good and efficient portable fire extinguishers, 
approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, as shall 
hereafter be prescribed, viz : 

Fire extinguishers. 

Steamers of over 20 and not over 50 gross tons 1 

Steamers of over 50 and not over 100 gross tons 2 

Steamers of over 100 and not over 500 gross tons 3 

Steamers of over 500 and not over 1,000 gross tons 6 

Steamers of over 1,000 gross tons, not less than 8 

Freight and towing steamers of over 250 tons shall be 
provided with chemical fire extinguishers as hereafter pre- 
scribed, viz: 

Fira extinguishers. 

Steamers of over 250 and not over 500 gross tons 1 

Steamers of over 500 gross tons 2 

The tables of required fire extinguishers in this section 
are based on the capacity of the ordinary machine, which 
is about 2\ gallons. Fire extinguishers of approved types 
of less capacity are allowable when their total contents 
equal the required quantity. 

All chemical fire extinguishers thus provided for shall 
be able to withstand a pressure of 350 pounds to the 
square inch, except such fire extinguishers as have no 
stopcock or valve between the chamber and discharge, in 
which case they may be used after having been tested to 
150 pounds pressure to the spuare inch. 

Fire extinguishers shall be located in such parts of the 
vessels as in the judgment of the local inspectors w T ill be 
most convenient and serviceable in case of emergency, and 
so arranged that they may be easily removed from their 
fastenings. Every fire extinguisher thus provided for 
shall be discharged and examined at each annual inspec- 
tion. Portable hand pumps with an attached carrying 



88 

(IV, 13) capacity of 5 gallons of water may be substituted for the 
fire extinguishers above described. 

§4471, r.s. 14 All steam fire pumps required shall be supplied 

with connecting pipes leading to the hold of the vessel 
with stop cocks or shut-off valves attached and so arranged 
that such pumps may be used for pumping and discharg- 
ing water overboard from the hold. 

Each and every steam vessel shall be fitted with a bilge 
pipe leading from each compartment of the vessel and 
connecting with a suitably marked valve to the main 
bilge pump in the engine room, and each compartment of 
all steam vessels shall be fitted with suitable sounding 
pipe, the opening of which shall be accessible at all times. 
Steam siphons may be substituted in each compartment 
for the bilge pipes. 

All hose required on steam vessels for fire purposes shall 
be tested to a pressure of 100 pounds to the square inch 
at each inspection, and it shall be the duty of the local 
inspectors at each annual inspection to see that the coup- 
lings are securely fastened to the hose by suitable external 
or internal clamps, and at least one length of such hose 
shall be kept at all times attached to each outlet of the fire 
main and provided with a suitable nozzle. 

§ 4471, r. s. 15. All pipes used as mains for conducting water from 

fire pumps on board steam vessels in place of hose shall 
be of wrought iron, brass, or copper, with wrought-iron, 
brass, or composition connections. 

§ 447i, r. s. iq Steam siphon pumps which have been approved by 

the Board of Supervising Inspectors may be allowed in 
lieu of double-acting steam fire pumps on all steamers of 
100 gross tons and under. 

17. Wherever the words "passenger steamer," "steamer 
carrying passengers," or "vessel carrying passengers" 
occur in this entire rule (Rule IV), the said words shall 
be construed to mean and apply to only vessels carrying 
passengers for hire, and the words "carrying passengers" 
shall be construed to mean " carrying passengers for hire." 

Rule V. — Licensed Officers. 

Section. 

Accidents, licensed officers must report, to inspectors 23 

Color blindness, examination required for 49 

Examination for license to be given as soon as practicable 8 

Examination, written, required for original license and renewal . . 6 

Examination in pilot rules required on renewal of license 15 

Engineers, classification of 20 

Engineers, qualifications and examinations required for license. 20,24 
Engineers of vessels propelled by gas, fluid, naphtha, or electric 

motors, license to 25 

Engineers, when assistants may serve as chief 20 

Engineers, duty of, when assuming charge of boilers 21 

Engineers to report repairs to boilers 22 

Fire alarm, general 50 

Hawaiian Islands, qualifications of masters and mates in 32 

Indians, license of, under certain conditions 17 

Licenses, how obtained 1 

Licenses, renewal of • 1, 11 



89 

Section. 

Licenses must be filled out with pen and black ink 2 (V) 

Licenses, raise of grade of 3 

Licenses, lost, certificate issued for 4 

Licenses, form of application 5 

License, original, indorsements required 5 

License, examination required for original and renewal 6 

License, reexamination after refusal of 7 

License, examination for, to be given as soon as practicable 8 

License, granting of, to persons who have served as officers where 

license was not required 9 

License, special, for officers of Light-House Service 9 

License, special, service required for raise of grade of person hold- 
ing 10 

License, effect of revocation of 12 

License, joint, effect of suspension or revocation of 13 

License, suspension, term of duration must be stated 14 

Lifeboats, drill required 50 

Light-House Service, special license for officers of 9 

Masters and chief mates of sail vessels, licensing of 29 

Masters, examination of, in pilot rules 15 

Masters of ocean steam vessels, qualifications and examination ... 26 
Masters of lake, bay, and sound steamers, qualifications and ex- 
amination 27 

Masters of coastwise steamers, qualifications and examination 28 

Masters of river steamers, qualifications and examination 29 

Masters of yachts, qualifications and examination 30 

Masters and mates of steam pilot boats, qualifications and exami- 
nation 32 

Masters of sail vessels and barges, qualifications and examination. 33 
Mates, chief, of ocean steamers, qualifications and examination. 34, 37 
Mates, second, of ocean steamers, qualifications and examination . 35, 37 
Mates, third, of ocean steamers, qualifications and examination., 36, 37 
Mates, second, of ocean steamers of 500 tons and under, qualifica- 
tions required of seamen for 38 

Mates of coastwise steamers, qualifications and examination 39 

Mates of river steamers, qualifications and examination 40 

Mates, duties of 51 

Pleasure yachts of 15 tons and under, navigation of 31 

Porto Rico, qualifications of masters and mates at 32 

Pilots, examination of, in pilot rules 15 

Pilots must be able to read and write 17 

Pilots, first-class, qualifications required 41 

Pilots, second-class, qualifications required 42 

Pilots, steamers over 100 tons must have first-class 43 

Pilots, special, may be licensed for steamers of 10 tons and under. 43 

Pilots, second-class, may take charge of steamers not over 100 tons. 44 

Pilots, original license, upon what conditions issued 46 

Pilots, how governed 47 

Pilot's route, how extended 18, 48 

Pilot rules to be furnished masters and pilots 16 

Pilot houses, only certain persons allowed to enter 19 

Raise of grade of license 3 

Reexamination after refusal of license 7 

Renewal of licenses 1, 11 

School-ships, experience on 36 

Special license, raise of grade of person holding 10 

Station bills, duty of master 50 

Watchman required in addition to pilot on watch 45 

LICENSES, HOW OBTAINED, AND PENALTIES RELATING 
THERETO. 

1 . Before an original license is issued to any person to § 4445, r. s. 
act as a master, mate, pilot, or engineer he must per- 
sonally appear before some local board or a supervising 



90 

(V, 1) inspector for examination; but upon the renewal of such 
license, when the distance from any local board or super- 
vising inspector is such as to put the person holding the 
same to great inconvenience and expense to appear in per- 
son, he may, upon taking oath of office before any person 
authorized to administer oaths, and forwarding the same, 
together with the license to be renewed, to the local board 
or supervising inspector of the district in which he resides 
or is employed, have the same renewed by the said 
inspectors, if no valid reason to the contrary be known to 
them: and they shall attach such oath to the stub end 
of the license which is to be retained on file in their office : 
Provided, however, That any officer holding a license, and 
who is engaged in a service which necessitates his con- 
tinuous absence from the United States, may make ap- 
plication in writing for one renewal and transmit the 
same to the board of local inspectors with a statement 
of the applicant, verified before a consul or other officer 
of the United States authorized to administer an oath, 
setting forth the reasons for not appearing in person, 
and upon receiving the same the board of local inspect- 
ors that originally issued such license shall renew the 
same for one additional term of such license, and shall 
notify the applicant of such renewal 

The first license issued to any person by a United States 
inspector shall be considered an original license, where 
the United States records show no previous issue to such 
applicant. 

No original license shall be issued to any naturalized 
citizen on less experience in any grade than would have 
been required of an American by birth. 

§4405, r. s. 2. All licenses hereafter issued to masters, mates, 

pilots, and engineers shall be filled out on the face with 
pen and black ink instead of typewritten. Inspectors 
are directed, when licenses are completed, to draw a 
broad pen and black-ink mark through all unused spaces 
in the body thereof, so as to prevent, as far as possible, 
illegal interpolation after issue. 

§4405, r. s. 3. Licensed officers serving under five years' license, 

entitled by license and service to raise of grade, shall have 
issued to them new licenses for the grade for which they 
are qualified, the local inspectors to forward to the Super- 
vising Inspector-General the old license when surrendered 
with the report of the circumstances of the case. 

But the grade of no license shall be raised, except as 
hereinafter provided, unless the applicant can show one 
year's actual experience in the capacity for which he has 
been licensed: Provided, however, That one year's expe- 
rience as quartermaster, wheelsman, or watchman while 
holding a second-class pilot license, shall entitle the holder 
of such license to examination for raise of grade. 

§4405, r. s. 4 # i n case f loss of license, of any class, from any 

cause, the inspectors, upon receiving satisfactory evi- 
dence of such loss, shall issue a certificate to the owner 



91 

thereof, which shall have the authority of the lost license (V, 4) 
for the unexpired term, unless in the meantime the 
holder thereof shall have the grade of his license raised 
after due examination, in which case a license in due 
form for such grade may be issued. 

5. Inspectors shall, before granting an original license § 4405 » R - s - 
to any person to act as an officer of a vessel, require the 
applicant to make his written application upon the blank 

form authorized by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, 
which application shall be filed in the records of the 
inspectors' office. Inspectors shall also, when practicable, 
require applicants for pilot's license to have the written 
indorsement of the master and engineer of the vessel upon 
which he has served, and of one licensed pilot,' as to his 
qualifications. In the case of applicants for original engi- 
neer's license, they shall also, when practicable, have the 
indorsement of the master and engineer of a vessel on 
winch they have served, together with one other licensed 
engineer. 

6. No original master's, mate's, pilot's, or engineer's § 4405, R - s - 
license shall be issued hereafter or grade increased except 

upon written examination,which written examination shall 
be placed on file as records of the office of the inspectors 
issuing said license; and, before granting or renewing a 
license, inspectors shall satisfy themselves that the appli- 
cants can properly hear the bell and whistle signals. 

7. Any applicant for license who has been duly ex- § 4405 » R - S - 
amined and refused may come before any local board for 
reexamination after one year has expired. 

8. When any person makes application for license it § 4405 - R - s - 
shall be the duty of the local inspectors to give the appli- 
cant the required examination as soon as practicable. 

9. Any person who has served at least one year as mas- 
ter, commander, pilot, or engineer of any steam vessel of 
the United States in any service in which a license as mas- 
ter, mate, pilot, or engineer was not required at the time 
of such service, shall be entitled to license as master, mate, 
pilot, or engineer, if the inspectors, upon written examina- 
tion, as required for applicants for original license, may 
find him qualified: Provided, That the experience of any 
such applicant within three years of making application 
has been such as to qualify him to serve in the capacity 
for which he makes application to be licensed. 

Officers of the Naval Militia who are applicants for 
license as master or pilot of steam vessels of the Naval 
Militia, after passing an examination for color blindness, 
may be examined by the inspectors as to their knowledge 
of the pilot rules and handling of vessels; and if the appli- 
cant be found qualified, in the judgment of the inspectors, 
he may be granted" a special license as master, mate, or 
pilot on such vessels on the waters of the district in which 
such license is granted, and for no other purpose. 

Any officer of the Naval Militia who is an applicant for 
license as chief engineer or assistant engineer of steam 



4445, R. S. 



92 

(V, 9) vessels of the Naval Militia may be examined by inspectors 
and granted a special license as such, and for no other 
purpose, if, in the judgment of the inspectors, he is quali- 
fied. And the inspectors shall state on the license the 
name of the vessel on which such master, mate, pilot, or 
engineer is authorized to act in the capacity for which he 
is licensed. 

All licenses issued to officers of the Naval Militia pro- 
vided for in the preceding paragraph of this section shall 
be surrendered upon the party holding it becoming dis- 
connected from the Naval Militia by resignation or dis- 
missal from such service ; and no license shall be issued as 
above except upon the official recommendation of the 
chief officer in command of the Naval Militia station of 
the State in which the applicant is serving. 

Masters, mates, engineers, and assistant engineers now 
serving as such on tenders and light- vessels under the juris- 
diction of the Light-House Establishment may be granted 
special licenses for the Light-House Service upon satisfac- 
tory evidence of their fitness for such special license. 
Experience in the Light-House Service shall be sufficient 
to entitle applicants to this examination, and no other 
experience shall be required for such special license. 

§ 4405, r. s. 10. No person holding special license (Form 878) shall 

be eligible for examination for a higher grade of license 
until such person has actually served two full seasons 
under the authority of his license and one additional full 
season in a subordinate capacity upon steamers requiring 
regularly licensed officers. 

§ 4405, r. s. 11. Whenever an officer shall apply for a renewal of his 

license for the same grade the presentation of the old cer- 
tificate shall be considered sufficient evidence of his title 
to renewal, which certificate shall be retained by the in- 
spectors upon their official files as the evidence upon which 
the license was renewed: Provided, That it is presented 
within twelve months after the date of its expiration, un- 
less such title has been forfeited or facts shall have come 
to the knowledge of the inspectors which would render a 
renewal improper; nor shall any license be renewed in 
advance of the date of the expiration thereof, unless there 
are extraordinary circumstances that shall justify a re- 
newal beforehand, in which case the reasons therefor must 
appear in detail upon the records of the inspectors renew- 
ing the license. 

§4450, r. s. 12. When the license of any master, mate, pilot, or en- 

gineer is revoked such license expires with such revoca- 
tion, and any license subsequently granted to such person 
shall be considered in the light of an original license. 
And upon the revocation or suspension of the license of 
any such officer said license shall be surrendered to the 
local inspectors ordering such suspension or revocation. 

§ 4^50, r. s. 13. The suspension or revocation of a joint license shall 

debar the person holding the same from the exercise of 



93 

any of the privileges therein granted, so long as such sus- (V, 13) 
pension or revocation shall remain in force. 

14. When the license of any master, mate, engineer, or § 4450, r. s. 
pilot is suspended, the inspectors making such suspension 

shall determine the term of its duration, except that such 
suspension shall not extend beyond the time for which 
the license was issued. 

15. It shall be the duty of all inspectors, before renew- R^g 4439 ' U42 ' 
ing an existing license to a master or pilot of steam vessels 

for any waters who has not been employed as master or 
pilot of steam vessels on such waters during the three 
years preceding the application for renewal, to satisfy 
themselves, by an examination in writing, or orally, to be 
taken down in writing by the inspectors, that such officers 
are thoroughly familiar with the pilot rules upon the 
waters for which they are licensed. 

16. Each masler and pilot of steam vessels, wherever §4405, r.s. 
employed, shall, when receiving his license, either original 

or renewal, be furnished with a pamphlet copy of the rules 
and regulations governing pilots and of the statutes upon 
which such rules are founded, applicable to the waters on 
which their licenses are intended to be used, as stated in 
the body thereof. 

17. Inspectors are forbidden to issue original licenses to §4442,r.s. 
pilots who can not read and write : Provided, however, That 

upon navigable waters of the United States newly opened 
to steamboat navigation, and where the only pilots obtain- 
able are illiterate Indians or other natives, the fact that 
such persons can neither read nor write shall not be con- 
sidered a bar to such Indians or other natives receiving 
license as pilot of steam vessels, provided thev are other- 
wise qualified therefor. Inspectors having jurisdiction 
over the Red River of the North and rivers whose waters 
flow into the Gulf of Mexico are forbidden to issue origi- 
nal licenses to pilots for routes extending beyond these 
rivers. 

18. Local inspectors having jurisdiction on the Atlantic §4442,r.s. 
coast, Pacific coast, or Gulf of Mexico may indorse any 

pilot's license for extension of route, subject to the ap- 
proval of the adjoining boards having jurisdiction. 

19. Masters and pilots of steamers carrying passengers §4405,r.s. 
for hire shall exclude from the pilot houses and navigator's 

bridge of such steamers, while under way, all persons not 
connected with the navigation of such steamers, except 
officers of the Steamboat-Inspection Service and of the 
Revenue-Cutter Service when upon business: Provided, 
That licensed officers of steamboats, persons regularly 
engaged in learning the profession of pilot, officers of the 
United States Navy, United States Coast and Geodetic 
Survey, and Light-House Service, and engineer officers 
connected with the improvement of rivers and harbors 
may be allowed in the pilot house or upon the navigator's 
bridge upon the responsibility of the officer in charge. 



94 

(V, 19) The master of every such steamer shall keep three 

printed copies of this section of Rule V posted in conspicu- 
ous places on such steamer, one of which shall be kept 
posted in the pilot house. 

Such printed copies shall be furnished by the Depart- 
ment of Commerce and Labor to local mspectors for 
distribution. 

Classification of Engineers, 
chief. 

4441, r.s. 20. Chief engineer of ocean steamers. 

Chief engineer of condensing lake, bay, and sound 
steamers. 

Chief engineer of noncondensing lake, bay, and sound 
steamers. 

Chief engineer of condensing river steamers. 

Chief engineer of noncondensing river steamers. 

Any person holding chief engineer's license shall be per- 
mitted to act as first assistant on any steamer of double 
the tonnage of same class named in said chief's license. 

Engineers of all classifications may be allowed to pursue 
their profession upon all waters of the United States in 
the class for which they are licensed. 

FIRST ASSISTANT. 

First assistant engineer of ocean steamers. 

First assistant engineer of condensing lake, bay, and 
sound steamers. 

First assistant engineer of noncondensing lake, bay, and 
sound steamers. 

First assistant engineer of condensing river steamers. 

First assistant engineer of noncondensing river steam- 
ers. 

Engineers of lake, bay, and sound steamers, who have 
actually performed the duties of engineer for a period of 
three years, shall be entitled to examination for engineer 
of ocean steamers, applicant to be examined in the use of 
salt water, method employed in regulating the density of 
the water in boilers, the application of the hydrometer in 
determining the density of sea water, and the principle of 
constructing the instrument; and shall be granted such 
grade as the inspectors having jurisdiction on the Great 
Lakes and seaboard may find him competent to fill. 

Any assistant engineer of steamers oi 1,500 gross tons 
and over, having had actual service in that position for 
one year, may, if the local inspectors, in their judgment, 
deem it advisable, have his license indorsed to act as chief 
engineer on lake, bay, sound, or river steamers of 750 
gross tons or under. 

Any person having had a first assistant engineer's li- 
cense for two years and having had two years' experience 
as second assistant engineer, shall be eligible for examina- 
tion for chief engineer's license. 



95 

SECOND ASSISTANT. (V , 20) 

Second assistant engineer of ocean steamers. 

Second assistant engineer of condensing lake, bay, and 
sound steamers. 

Second assistant engineer of noncondensing lake, bay, 
and sound steamers. 

Second assistant engineer of condensing river steamers. 

Any person having had a second assistant engineer's 
license for two years, and having had two years' experi- 
ence as third assistant engineer, shall be eligible for exami- 
nation for first assistant engineer's license. 

THIRD ASSISTANT. 

Third assistant engineer of ocean steamers. 

Third assistant engineer of condensing lake, bay, and 
sound steamers. 

First, second, and third assistant engineers may act as 
such on any steamer of the grade of which they hold 
license, or as such assistant engineer on any steamer of a 
lower grade than those to which they hold a license. 

Any person having a third assistant engineer's license 
for two years, and having had two years' experience as 
oiler or water tender since receiving said license, shall be 
eligible for examination for second assistant engineer's 
license. 

Inspectors may designate upon the certificate of any 
chief or assistant engineer the tonnage of the vessel on 
which he may act. 

Any assistant engineer may act as engineer in charge 
on steamers of 100 tons and under. In all cases where an 
assistant engineer is permitted to act as engineer in charge, 
the inspectors shall so state on the face of his certificate 
of license without further examination. 

21 . It shall be the duty of an engineer when he assumes § 4441 . R - s - 
charge of the boilers and machinery of a steamer to forth- 
with thoroughly examine the same, and if he finds any 

part thereof in bad condition, caused by neglect or inat- 
tention on the part of his predecessor, he shall immediately 
report the facts to the master, owner, or agent, and to the 
local inspectors of the district, who shall thereupon inves- 
tigate the matter, and if the former engineer has been 
culpably derelict of his duty, they shall suspend or revoke 
his license. 

22. Before making general repairs to a boiler of a steam § 4441 > R - s - 
vessel the engineer in charge of such steamer shall report, 

in writing, the nature of such repairs to the local inspector 
of the district wherein such repairs are to be made. 

And it shall be the duty of all engineers when an acci- 
dent occurs to the boilers or machinery in their charge 
tending to render the further use of such boilers or ma- 
chinery unsafe until repairs are made, or when, by reason 
of ordinary wear, such boilers or machinery have become 



96 

(V, 22) so unsafe, to report the same to the local inspectors imme- 
diately upon the arrival of the vessel at the first port 
reached subsequent to the accident, or after the discovery 
of such unsafe condition by said engineer. 

§ 4448, r. s. 23. Whenever a steamer meets with an accident involv- 

ing loss of life or damage to property, it shall be the duty 
of the licensed officers of any- such steamer to report the 
same in writing and in person without delay to the nearest 
board: Provided, That when from distance it may be 
inconvenient to report in person it may be done in writing 
only and the report sworn to before any person authorized 
to administer oaths. 

§ 4441, r. s. 24. No person shall receive an original license as en- 

gineer or assistant engineer (except for special license on 
small pleasure steamers and ferryboats of 10 tons and 
under, sawmill boats, pile drivers, boats exclusively en- 
gaged as fishing boats, and other similar small vessels) who 
has not served at least three years in the engineer's de- 
partment of a steam vessel, a portion of which experience 
must have been obtained within the three years next pre- 
ceding the application. 

Provided, That any person who has served three years 
as apprentice to the machinist trade in a marine, station- 
ary, or locomotive engine works, and any person who has 
served for a period of not less than three years as a loco- 
motive or stationary engineer, and any person graduated 
as a mechanical engineer from a duly recognized school of 
technology, may be licensed to serve as an engineer of 
steam vessels after having had not less than one year's 
experience in the engine department of steam vessels, a 
portion of which experience must have been obtained 
within the three years preceding his application; which 
fact must be verified by the certificate, in writing, of the 
licensed engineer or master under whom the applicant has 
served, said certificate to be filed with the application of 
the candidate; and no person shall receive license as 
above, except for special license, who is not able to 
determine the weight necessary to be placed on the lever 
of a safety valve (the diameter of valve, length of lever, 
distance from center of valve to fulcrum, weight of lever, 
and weight of valve and stem being known) to withstand 
any given pressure of steam in a boiler, or who is not able 
to figure and determine the strain brought on the braces 
of a boiler with a given pressure of steam, the position and 
distance apart of braces being known, such knowledge to 
be determined by an examination in writing, and the 
report of examination filed with the application in the 
office of the local inspectors, and no engineer or assistant 
engineer now holding a license shall have the grade of the 
same raised without possessing the above qualifications. 
No original license shall be granted any engineer or 
assistant engineer who can not read and write and does 
not understand the plain rules of arithmetic. 



4441, R. S. 



97 

25. Any person may be licensed as engineer (on Form (V) 
2130J) [New Form 880] on vessels propelled by gas, fluid, 
naphtha, or electric motors, of 15 gross tons or oyer, en- 
gaged in commerce, if in the judgment of the inspectors, 

after due examination in writing, he be found duly quali- 
fied to take charge of the machinery of vessels so pro- 
pelled. 

Any person holding a license as engineer of steam ves- 
sels, desiring to act as engineer of motor vessels, must 
appear before a board of local inspectors for examination 
as to his knowledge of the machinery of such motor ves- 
sels, and if found qualified shall be licensed as engineer 
of motor vessels. Form 878, special license to engineers, 
shall be issued only to engineers in charge of vessels of 10 
tons and under. All other licenses to engineers shall be 
issued on Forms 876 and 877, according to grades specified 
in this section. 

MASTERS OF STEAM VESSELS. 

No original license as master of any steam vessel shall 
be issued, except under the conditions hereinafter pro- 
vided : 

MASTERS OF OCEAN STEAM VESSELS. 

26. Any applicant for license as master of ocean steam- § 4439, R - s - 
ers must furnish satisfactory documentary evidence to the 

local inspectors that he has had three years' experience on 
ocean steamers, one year of which has been as chief mate, 
or five years' experience on ocean sail vessels of 300 gross 
tons and upward, two years of which must have been as a 
licensed master of sail vessels; and he must understand 
navigation and be able to determine the ship's position at 
sea by observation of the sun, to obtain longitude by 
chronometer, and to determine ship's latitude by the alti- 
tude of either the sun, moon, or stars. The examination 
to determine his qualifications shall be in writing, which 
shall be kept on file in the office of the inspectors granting 
the license. 

It is further provided, That where any person has actu- 
ally served as a licensed third officer of ocean steamers of 
3,500 gross tons and upward for five years, he shall be 
eligible for examination for license as master of ocean 
steamers. 

Any person who has had three years' actual experience 
as master of steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons and upward 
on the Great Lakes and can produce documentary evi- 
dence of the fact may be examined for license as chief 
mate of ocean steamers, and after having had one year's 
actual experience as chief mate of ocean steamers of 1,000 
gross tons and upward may be examined for license as 
master of ocean steamers, the examination to be the same 
as that provided for in the first paragraph of this section. 

26191-— 07 7 



98 

(V) MASTERS OF LAKE, BAY, AND SOUND STEAMERS. 

§ 4439, r. s. 27. No original license as master of lake, bay, and sound 

steamers shall be issued hereafter to any person who has 
not been licensed and served at least one year as first-class 
pilot or chief mate on such steamers, such service as pilot 
or chief mate to have been within the three years next 
preceding the application for license. 

Provided, however, That any person who has served 
three years as master of sail vessels on the Great Lakes 
shall be eligible for examination for master's license of 
steam vessels on the Great Lakes and other inland waters. 

It is further provided, That masters of barge consorts on 
the Great Lakes having had three years' actual experience 
as such, who have been licensed- as first-class pilots for one 
year or more, may be examined and licensed as masters of 
steam vessels on the Great Lakes and other inland waters, 
if found qualified. 

Whenever a master or mate desires to act in the double 
capacity of master and pilot, or mate and pilot, and fur- 
nishes the necessary evidence of his qualifications, the 
local inspectors shall indorse such pilot routes on the cer- 
tificate of license. 

MASTERS OF COASTWISE STEAMERS. 

§ 4439, r. s. 28. Any person holding a license as master of lake, bay, 

and sound steamers may have indorsed thereon the au- 
thority allowing him to act as master of steamers upon the 
waters of the Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico : Pro- 
vided, That the applicant has had at least one year's expe- 
rience as mate, quartermaster, or wheelsman of steam 
vessels upon the waters of the Atlantic coast or the Gulf 
of Mexico, which experience must have been obtained 
within the three years next preceding his application for 
such indorsement, and the fact must be verified by satis- 
factory documentary evidence to be filed in the office of 
the local inspectors ; and the applicant shall only be sub- 
jected to such examination in writing as shall satisfy the 
local inspectors that he is capable of navigating such 
steamers. Inspectors shall state in the indorsement on 
the license the coastwise waters that the applicant is 
qualified to act upon as master. Practical service in the 
deck department of an ocean-going or coastwise steam 
yacht shall be accepted, when offered in documentary evi- 
dence by any person applying for an original license or 
raise of grade on ocean-going or coastwise steam vessels, 
as being equal to the same amount of service in any ocean- 
going or coastwise steam passenger vessel. 

MASTERS OF RIVER STEAMERS. 

§4439, r. s. 29. Inspectors shall examine all applicants for original 

license as master of steamers navigating rivers exclu- 
sively, which examination shall be reduced to writing and 



99 

made a part of the permanent records of the office of the (V, 29) 
inspectors making such examination; and no original 
license shall be issued to any person to act as master of 
such steamers who has not, by actual service on board of 
such steamers for a period of not less than three years, 
acquired practical knowledge, skill, and experience essen- 
tial in case of emergency and disaster, and in the naviga- 
tion of such steamers with safety to life and property, and 
at least one year of service to have been within the three 
years next preceding the application, and such license 
shall entitle the holder of the same to act as master on any 
river steamer of the United States, and no license as mas- 
ter shall be issued to any applicant who can not read and 
write, and who has not served at least one year as licensed 
mate or pilot of steam vessels. 

The line of examination to be pursued by inspectors in 
examining applicants for original license as master of river 
steamers shall be as follows: 

(1) As to his general knowledge of the duties of master 
of such steamers. 

(2) As to his ability to handle the wheel in case of 
emergency or disaster. 

(3) As to the knowledge of his duties and proper method 
of procedure in case of fire on his vessel. 

(4) As to his knowledge of proper management of vessel 
and crew in case of collision and sinking. 

(5) As to executive ability generally to manage officers 
and crew. 

(6) As to his general knowledge and ability to navigate 
steamers with safety to life and property. 

(7) As to his knowledge of pilot rules governing the 
navigation of such steamers. 

(8) As to his knowledge of signals between the pilot 
house and engine room. 

(9) As to his knowledge of signal lights and their proper 
position on all steam and other vessels. 

(10) As to duties of master in case of fog or stormy 
weather, and on such other subjects in connection with 
the navigation of such vessels as the inspectors conducting 
such examination may deem proper and necessary. 

MASTERS OF SAIL VESSELS. 

Local inspectors may, upon due application and exam- 
ination, license any person as master of sail vessels of 700 
gross tons and upward, or of sail vessels of any tonnage 
carrying passengers for hire, upon receipt of satisfactory 
documentary evidence, to be filed in their office, that said 
person has been actually employed as master of sail vessels 
of 200 gross tons and upward or as chief mate of sail 
vessels of 700 gross tons and upward for the full period 
of twelve months next preceding the application. 



100 

(V, 29) MATES OF SAIL VESSELS. 

Local inspectors may, upon due application and exami- 
nation, license any person as chief mate of sail vessels of 
700 gross tons and upward, upon receipt of satisfactory 
documentary evidence, to be filed in their office, that said 
person has been actually employed as chief mate of sailing 
vessels of 200 gross tons for one year, or as second mate 
on vessels of 200 gross tons for a period of two years next 
preceding the application. 

The examination for license as master or mate of sail 
vessels of 700 gross tons and upward shall be the same as 
required for masters and mates of steam vessels. 
4439, r. s. 30. Whenever the owner of steam or sailing yachts, 

who has had three years' experience on board such 
yachts, applies for license to act as pilot of steam yachts, 
the local inspectors shall examine the applicant, in writ- 
ing, in regard to his knowledge in handling such vessels, 
and familiarity with the lights, light-houses, channels, 
buoys, obstructions, courses, and distances between cer- 
tain points in the waters within the local inspection 
district in which the applicant is examined; and shall 
also examine him as to his knowledge of the pilot rules 
for inland waters, the running and anchor lights, fog sig- 
nals, the use of the lead line, signal bells between the 
engine room and pilot house, and the general rules and 
regulations for steam vessels. If the local inspectors are 
satisfied, after such examination, of the applicant's ability, 
a pilot's license for steam yachts may be issued to him for 
the waters covered by the local inspection district in which 
said license is issued, which license may be indorsed to 
include the inland waters of other local inspection dis- 
tricts, by the local inspectors thereof, if satisfied, after 
examination, that the applicant is qualified therefor. 

Whenever the owner of a steam or sailing yacht of 
over 100 gross tons, who has had three years' experience 
in sailing such vessels, applies for a license authorizing 
him to act as master of steam yachts for coastwise and 
ocean navigation, the local inspectors shall examine the 
applicant as to his knowledge of the rules of the road, fog 
signals, signal lights — inland and international; the use 
of the lead and line, the use of the patent and chip logs, the 
compass, variation and deviation of the compass, the use of 
the drag, the use of oil during storms, bell signals between 
pilot house and engine room, handling of steam vessels, 
laws of storms, course and distance by chart, keeping the 
log book, middle latitude sailing, Mercator's sailing, 
method of obtaining latitude and longitude by dead reck- 
oning, latitude by altitude of either the sun, moon, or stars; 
longitude by chronometer (time sights). Practical prob- 
lems will be given in the subjects of latitude and longitude. 
The examination shall be in writing, which shall be kept 



i 






101 

on file in the office of the local inspectors. If said exam- (V, 30) 
ination is satisfactor}^ to the local inspectors, they shall 
issue to the applicant a master's license authorizing him 
to discharge the duties of master of steam yachts, either 
for coastwise or ocean navigation. 

31. Any person navigating a pleasure yacht of 15 gross §4405,r. s. 
tons and under, for pleasure only, holding a master's or 

pilot's license, is fully authorized to navigate such pleasure 
yacht in the inland waters of the United States without 
being required to report to the various boards of inspect- 
ors whose district they may be passing through. 

32. Any applicant for original license to act as master R § | 4439, 4440, 
or mate of steam pilot boats, or of steamers navigating 

the waters of the whaling grounds in the Alaskan seas, or 
of steamers engaged exclusively in the business of whale 
fishing, or of steamers engaged in the Atlantic, Pacific, or 
Gulf coast fisheries, or of steam or sail vessels navigating 
between ports of the Hawaiian Islands, or between ports 
of the island of Porto Rico, must have had at least three 
years' experience in the deck department of such steamers, 
which fact must be verified by documentary evidence; 
and such applicant shall only be subjected to such ex- 
amination as shall satisfy the inspectors that the applicant 
is capable of navigating such vessels : It is provided, That 
any person who has had at least five years' experience on 
sail vessels licensed in the fisheries of the United States, 
two years of which have been as master or mate of such 
sailing vessels, may be examined for license as master or 
mate of steam fishing vessels to be employed exclusively 
in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coast fisheries. The 
license issued under this section shall state in the body 
thereof "for coastwise only," Pacific or Atlantic coast, 
as the case may be, and between what ports on either of 
said coasts. 

It is further provided, That said master's or mate's license 
may be indorsed as pilot on such inland waters on the 
above-named coasts as the local inspectors at the various 
ports may find the holder qualified to act on as pilot, 
after examination by the local inspectors, such examina- 
tion to be in writing and preserved in the files of the in- 
spectors' office. 

MASTERS OF PASSENGER BARGES. 

33. Any person applying for license as master of barges § 4439 > R - s - 
carrying passengers for hire must have had three years' 
experience in the deck department of such vessels, and 

shall be subjected to such examination as will show his 
ability to handle the class of vessels for which he desires 
a license. 



102 

(V) CHIEF MATE OF OCEAN STEAMERS. 

§ 4440, r. s. 34 n original license as chief mate of ocean steamers 

shall be issued to any person who has not served at least 
three years in the deck department of such steam vessels, 
one year of such service to have been as second mate of 
such vessels. 

Provided, That any person who has had five years' ex- 
perience on sail vessels of 300 gross tons and over, two 
years of which have been in the capacity of chief mate of 
sail vessels of 700 gross tons and over, may be licensed as 
chief mate of ocean steamers. 

It is further provided, That any person holding a license 
as chief mate, who has had two years' service in the capac- 
ity of second mate, or watch officer actually in charge of 
a bridge watch since receiving such license as chief mate, 
shall be entitled to examination for master's license. 

SECOND MATE OF OCEAN STEAMERS. 

§ 4440, r. s. 35. No original license for second mate of ocean steam- 
ers shall be issued to any person hereafter who has not 
had three years' experience on such steam vessels, two 
years of which shall have been as watch officer or quarter- 
master, or two of the three years' experience required 
may be on the school-ship St. Marys or some other simi- 
lar vessel, as indicated by his graduating certificate, or 
he must have had three years' experience on ocean sail 
vessels of 300 gross tons and over, one year of which shall 
have been as second mate of such sail vessels of 700 gross 
tons and upward: Provided, That any person holding a 
second mate's license who has had two years' experience 
on the same as watch officer shall be entitled to an ex- 
amination for chief mate's license. 

THIRD MATE OF OCEAN STEAMERS. 

§4440, r.s. 36. No person shall receive an original license as third 
mate of ocean steamers who has not had three years' 
experience on ocean or coastwise steam vessels or sail ves- 
sels of 300 gross tons and upward as cadet or able seaman, 
or two of the three years' experience required may be on 
the school-ship St. Marys, or some other similar vessel, as 
indicated by his graduating certificate : Provided, That any 
person holding a license as third mate who has had two 
years' experience on said license as quartermaster on ves- 
sels of 2,500 gross tons and over shall be entitled to 
examination for second mate's license. 

§ 4440, r. s. 37. No original license as chief mate of ocean steamers, 

as second mate of ocean steamers, or as third mate of ocean 
steamers shall be issued to any person who does not under- 
stand navigation and who is not able to determine a ship's 



103 

position at sea by observation of the sun, to obtain longi- (V, 37) 
tude by chronometer, and to determine ship's latitude 
by altitude of either the sun, moon, or stars; said exami- 
nation to be in writing and to be kept on file in the office 
of the local inspectors issuing the license. 

SECOND MATE OF OCEAN AND COASTWISE STEAMERS OF 
500 TONS AND UNDER. 

38. Any first-class seaman who has had three years' §444o,r.s. 
experience on the deck of a sail vessel and one year's ex- 
perience in the deck department of a steam vessel shall 

be eligible for an examination for license as second mate of 
ocean and coastwise steamers of 500 gross tons and under. 

MATES OF COASTWISE STEAMERS. 

39. Any person who has been licensed as second mate 5 4440 - R - s - 
of ocean steamers, having had one year's experience as 

such, may have his license indorsed to act as chief mate 
of coastwise steamers without further examination. 

Any person holding a license as first-class pilot of lake, 
bay, or sound steamers may have his license indorsed to 
act as chief mate of coastwise steamers: Provided, That 
the applicant has had at least one year's experience as mate, 
quartermaster, or wheelsman of steam vessels upon the 
waters of the Atlantic coast, Pacific coast, or the Gulf 
of Mexico, which experience must have been obtained 
within three years preceding his application for such 
indorsement, and this fact must be verified by satisfac- 
tory documentary evidence to be filed in the office of the 
local inspectors; and the applicant shall only be sub- 
jected to such examination, in writing, as shall satisfy 
the local inspectors that he is capable of navigating the 
steamer. Inspectors shall state in the indorsement on 
the license the coastwise waters that the applicant is 
qualified to act upon as chief mate. Any person who 
has had three years' experience in the deck department 
of a steam vessel shall be eligible for examination for 
license as chief mate of coastwise steamers upon the 
waters of the Atlantic coast, Pacific coast, and the Gulf 
of Mexico. 

MATES OF INLAND OR RIVER STEAMERS. 

40. Whenever any person presents himself for examin- § 4440, R - s - 
ation for license as mate of inland or river steamers the 

local inspectors shall examine him as to his knowledge, 
experience, and skill in loading cargo and in handling 
and stowage of freight, his knowledge of the operation 
and handling of fire apparatus, the launching and hand- 
ling of lifeboats, his knowledge of life-preservers and the 
method of adjusting them, his ability to manage the crew 



104 



(V, 40) and direct and advise the passengers in case of emer 
gency, and his general familiarity with his duties in main- 
taining discipline and protecting the passengers, and if 
found qualified they shall grant him a license as such, 
but no such license shall be granted to any person who 
has not had at least two years' experience in the deck 
department of a steam vessel. 

FIRST-CLASS PILOTS. 

§ 4442, r. s. 4i # No original license as first-class pilot shall be issued 
to any person hereafter who has not had three years' 
experience in the deck department of a steam vessel, sail 
vessel, or barge consort: Provided, That on the Missis- 
sippi and tributary rivers one year of such required ex- 
perience must have been in the pilot house as steersman. 

SECOND-CLASS AND SPECIAL PILOTS. 

§4442, r. s. 42. No original license as second-class pilot shall be 
issued to any person who has not had three years' experi- 
ence in the deck department of a steam vessel, sail vessel, 
or barge consort: Provided, That on the Mississippi and 
tributary rivers one year of such required experience must 
have been in the pilot house as steersman. 

§4442, r. s. 43. The navigation of every steamer above 100 gross 
tons shall be under the control of a first-class pilot, and 
every such pilot shall be limited in his license to the par- 
ticular service for which he is adapted. Special pilots 
may also be licensed for steamers of 10 gross tons and 
under, locally employed. 

§ 4442, r. s. 44. A second-class pilot may be allowed to take charge 
of a steamer not exceeding 100 gross tons. He may be 
authorized by the indorsement of the local inspectors 
granting the license to act in charge of a watch on any 
steamer. 

§ 4426, r. s. 45. All passenger and ferry steamers shall, in addition 
to the regular pilot on watch, have one of the crew also on 
watch, in or near the pilot house ; and this rule applies to 
all steamers navigating in the nighttime. 

§ 4442, r. s. 46. No original license for pjlot of any route shall be 
issued to any person, except for special license for steam- 
ers of 10 gross tons and under, who has not served at 
least three years in the deck department of a steamer, 
sail vessel, or barge consort, one year of which experience 
must have been obtained within the three years next pre- 
ceding the date of application for license, which fact the 
inspectors may require, when practicable, to be verified 
by the certificate, in writing, of the licensed master or 
pilot under whom the applicant has served, such certifi- 
cate to be filed with the application of the candidate. 

§| 4405, 4442, 47. Pilots of steam vessels, while in the discharge of 
their duties, must be governed by the rules of the Board 









105 

of Supervising Inspectors, made for their guidance, and (V, 47) 
not by any instructions emanating from any inspector or 
other person. 

48. Whenever any pilot applies to a board of local § 4405 > R - s - 
inspectors for an extension or his pilot's route, he shall 

make written application, by letter, stating the extension 
desired, and he shall be examined, in writing, on the aids 
to navigation on said extension, and, if found qualified, 
shall receive such extension. 

49. No original license as master, mate, or pilot of any 44 || ^ 43 |» 4440 > 
vessel propelled in whole or in part by steam, gas, fluid, 
naphtha, alco-vapor, electric, or other like motors, or 

master or mate of sail vessels, shall be granted except on 
the official certificate of a surgeon of the Public Health 
and Marine-Hospital Service that the applicant is free 
from the defect known as color blindness. No renewal 
of license shall be granted to any officer of the classes 
named who has not been previously examined and passed 
for color blindness. 

Any person requiring examination for color blindness, 
who is living at a distance of 100 miles or more from 
a surgeon of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital 
Service, may be examined for color blindness by any rep- 
utable physician; and the physician shall furnish a dupli- 
cate report of the examination made upon the regulation 
blanks, one copy of which shall be furnished the applicant 
and the other sent to the local inspectors of steam vessels 
to whom the applicant shall apply for such original or 
renewal of license. 

50. It shall be the duty of the officer in charge of every § 4405, r. s. 
steamer carrying passengers to cause to be prepared a 
station bill for his own department, and one also for the 
engineer's department, in which shall be assigned a post 

or station of duty for every person employed on board 
such steamer in case of fire or other disaster; which sta- 
tion bills shall be placed in the most conspicuous places on 
board for the observation of the crew. And it shall be 
the duty of such rhaster, or of the mate or officer next in 
command, once at least in each week, to call all hands to 
quarters and exercise them in the discipline, and in the 
unl ashing and swinging out of the lifeboats, weather per- 
mitting, and in the use of the fire pumps and all other 
apparatus for the safety of life on board of such vessel, 
with especial regard for the drill of the crew in the method 
of adjusting life-preservers and educating passengers and 
others in tins procedure and to see that all the equipments 
required by law are in complete working order for imme- 
diate use; and the fact of the exercise of the crew, as 
herein contemplated, shall be entered upon the steamer's 
log book, stating the day of the month and hour when so 
exercised; and it shall be the duty of the inspectors to 
require the officers and crew of all such vessels to per- 
form the aforesaid drills and discipline in the presence of 



106 

(V, 50) the said inspectors at intervals sufficiently frequent to 
assure the said inspectors by actual observation that the 
foregoing requirements of this section are complied with; 
the master shall also report monthly to the local inspect- 
ors the day and date of such exercise and drill, the con- 
dition of the vessel and her equipment, and also the 
number of passengers carried, and any neglect or omission 
on the part of the officer in command of such steamer to 
strictly enforce this rule shall be deemed cause for the 
suspension or revocation of the license of such officer. 

The general fire-alarm signal shall be a continuous 
rapid ringing of the ship's bell, for a period of not less 
than 20 seconds, and this signal shall not be used for any 
other purpose whatsoever. 

Three copies of this section shall be furnished every 
steamer carrying passengers, to be framed under glass 
and posted in conspicuous places about the vessel. 
§444o,r.s. 51 j t ^11 k e t £ e j ut y f ^ e ma ^ e f eyery inland or 

river steamer carrying passengers to assign to deck or 
steerage passengers the space they may occupy on board 
during the voyage, and to supervise the stowage of freight 
or cargo, and see that the space set apart for passengers is 
not encroached upon. He shall also carefully examine all 
packages of freight delivered on board for shipment, with 
a view to detect and prevent any combustible or other 
dangerous articles prohibited by law being delivered on 
board. Three copies of this section shall be furnished 
every steamer to which this section- applies, to be framed 
under glass and posted in conspicuous places about the 
steamer, one of which shall be on the main deck. 

Rule VI. — Inspection of Steamers. 

Section. 

Annual inspection to be made only on written application 1 

Certificates of inspection to be issued for a period of not less than 

one year 7 

Certificates of inspection and license, how signed 6 

Duty of owners to notify inspectors when on dry dock 5 

Hulls, inspection of '. 4 

Inspection may be made within sixty days of expiration of current 

certificate 7 

Permit to proceed to other ports for repairs, how issued 7 

Steamers, inspectors may lawfully inspect 3 

§4417, r.s. i. The annual inspection of any vessel subject to the 

provisions of Title LIT, Revised Statutes of the United 
States, must be made only on written application, pre- 
sented to the United States local inspectors by the owner, 
master, or authorized agent of the vessel to be inspected. 
Such application must state upon its face that previous 
application for inspection has not been made to any^other 
board of local inspectors or supervising inspector. 

§ 44oo, r. s. 2. Steam vessels employed by the Government, unless 

the titles of the same are actually vested in the United 
States, are not exempt from inspection. 



107 

3. Inspectors may lawfully inspect within their respec- (VI) 
tive districts, upon proper application, any vessel run- §44i7,R. s. 
ning upon the waters of their district the certificate of 

which is about to expire. 

4. In the inspection of the hulls of vessels, if the in- § 4417 ' R - s * 
spector shall not have satisfactory evidence otherwise of 

the soundness of the timber, he shall not give a certificate 
until the hull of the vessel shall be bored to his satisfaction. 

5. Whenever any vessel is placed upon the dock for re- § 4417 . R- s - 
pairs it shall be the duty of the master, owner, or agent 

to report the same to the board of local inspectors of that 
district, so that a thorough inspection may by them be 
made to determine what is necessary to make such vessel 
seaworthy if the condition or age of the vessel, in the 
judgment of the inspectors, renders such examination 
necessary. 

6. Certificates of inspection signed by one local in- §4421, r.s. 
spector only shall not be valid, nor shall the name of a 
regular inspector be substituted by that of any other 
person upon any such certificate. This rule also applies 

to licenses. 

7. Certificates of inspection for any period less than one § 4421 > R - s - 
year shall not be issued, but nothing herein shall be con- 
strued as preventing the revocation or suspension of cer- 
tificates of inspection, in case the same be allowed by law, 

or from preventing local inspectors from inspecting ves- 
sels for renewal of certificate, upon due application in 
writing, at any time not exceeding sixty days of expira- 
tion of current certificate of inspection, providing the 
same can be done without greater expense than would be 
incurred if taking place when inspection is regularly due, 
and that such inspection shall not interfere with other in- 
spections regularly falling due at the same time. This 
rule, however, is not to be construed as preventing the 
inspection of any vessel at an earlier period than sixty 
days anterior to the expiration of the vessel's certificate, 
when such vessel has been practically rebuilt, or when nec- 
essary "for the purpose of concentrating the work of the 
inspectors within certain given periods" (Department 
decision 7703, Aug. 17, 1886, p. 216, Manual, edition 1890) 
for the purpose of saving traveling expenses. 

Local inspectors issuing a permit to any vessel to pro- 
ceed to other ports for repairs must state upon the face 
of the same the conditions upon which it is granted and 
whether the vessel is to be allowed to carry freight or 
passengers, the quantity and number: Provided, however, 
That no vessel whose certificate has expired will be per- 
mitted to carry passengers or freight while en route to 
another port for repairs. 

When, under section 4456, Revised Statutes of the 
United States, vessels obtain a permit from the local in- 
spectors of a district to go from their district to another 
to make repairs, said local inspectors shall notify the 
supervising inspector of their district, stating the repairs 



108 

(VI, 7) to be made on said vessels. The supervising inspector 
shall notify the supervising inspector of the district where 
such repairs are to be made, furnishing him a copy of the 
report of the inspectors indicating the repairs ordered on 
said vessels. 

Rule VII. — Ferryboats. 

Section. 
Barges in tow, life-saving equipments required when carrying pas- 
sengers 6 

Bulkheads required on ferryboats 3 

Cars on barges, doors and vestibules required to be open when 

transferring railroad passengers 6 

Ferry steamers transferring cars with passengers, how equipped.. . 6 

Ferryboats, what constitute 2 

Ferryboats to be confined to routes specified in certificate 2 

Ferryboats may go beyond specified route, how 2 

Ferryboats, bulkheads required on 3 

Lights required 1 

Lifeboats required on ferryboats 4 

Life-preservers or floats required on ferryboats 5 

§ 4233, r. s. i All double-end ferryboats on lakes and seaboard shall 

carry a central range of clear, bright, white lights, show- 
ing all around the horizon, placed at equal altitudes for- 
ward and aft; also such side lights as specified in para- 
graphs (b) and (c), article 2, act of Congress approved 
June 7, 1897. Local inspectors in districts having ferry- 
boats shall,whenever the safety of navigation may require, 
designate for each line of such boats a certain light, white 
or colored, which shall show all around the horizon, to 
designate and distinguish such lines from each other, 
which lights shall be carried on a flagstaff amidships, 15 
feet above the white range lights. The signal lights on 
ferryboats on waters flowing into the Gulf of Mexico and 
their tributaries shall be the same as those on all other 
steamboats on the same waters, except double-end ferry- 
boats, which shall be governed by the rule governing 
double-end ferryboats on lakes and seaboard. 

§4426, r. s. 2. Steam vessels employed as a means of crossing any 

river, or other similar water, in continuation of any estab- 
lished highway, 'shall be considered ferryboats under the 
law, and the navigation of such vessels must be confined 
to the ferry routes specified in the inspection certificate 
issued; but such vessels may be permitted, under excur- 
sion permits, to go beyond their authorized routes with 
passengers only, or without such permit, to lighten or 
relieve vessels in distress. 

§4426, r. s. 3. All steam ferryboats whose construction was com- 

menced after June 30, 1905, carrying passengers for hire, 
and navigating bays, sounds, or rivers, shall be supplied 
with a sufficient number of water-tight bulkheads to float 
the vessel if the largest compartment is filled with water. 
4. All ferryboats of 50 gross tons or over shall be 
equipped with such lifeboats, life rafts, outside ladders, 
and other means of escape, in case of disaster, as, in the 
opinion of the inspectors, shall meet the requirements of 



109 

each particular case. But in no case shall the cubic feet (VII, 4) 
of boat capacity be less than that provided in the follow- 
ing table: 

Cubic feet. 

Ferryboats of 50 and not over 300 gross tons 120 

Ferryboats over 300 and not over 600 gross tons 240 

Ferryboats over 600 gross tons 360 

Provided, That on ferryboats of more than 300 gross 
tons, one-half the boat capacity required may be substi- 
tuted by its equivalent in approved life rafts. 

Ferryboats of less than 50 gross tons shall be equipped 
with boats or rafts as in the opinion of the inspectors may 
be necessary in case of disaster to secure the safety of all 
persons on board. 

5. All ferryboats shall be equipped with a life-preserver § 4426, r. s. 
(or float where the same is allowed by law) for every 7 

square feet of passenger deck surface on single-deck 
ferryboats and for every 12 square feet of such deck sur- 
face on ferryboats having more than one passenger deck, 
and such life-preservers or floats shall be distributed in 
the most accessible places, where they can be reached at 
all times, and it shall be the duty of the local inspectors 
to see that all the life-preservers or floats are marked with 
the name of the vessel having the same on board. 

All ferryboats shall be provided with the same fire ap- 
paratus required on passenger steamers of equal tonnage. 

6. All barges in tow of steamers used for transferring §4492, r.s. 
persons on any lake, bay, sound, or river shall be provided 

with the same life-saving appliances as required for pas- 
senger steamers. 

All towed barges used for transferring railroad passen- 
ger cars on any lake, bay, sound, or river, with passengers 
in cars, shall be required to have the same life-saving 
appliances as required by section 22 of Rule III. 

All car ferry steamers engaged in transferring passenger 
cars, with passengers in cars, shall be equipped as ferry- 
boats, excepting that the number of life-preservers re- 
quired shall equal the number of persons carried: Pro- 
vided, That where wooden life floats are allowed by law 
they may be used instead of life-preservers. 

It shall be the duty of the master of any such barge or 
steamer to see that all of the doors of the cars are unlocked 
and vestibules of the cars are open while the same are on 
the barge or steamer to allow the persons so carried free 
egress at all times. 

Rule VIII. — Excursion Steamers and Barges. 

Section. 

Barges, excursion, life-saving equipments required on 4 

Certificates of inspection must be exposed on certain sail vessels 

and barges 4 

Lifeboats, when required 3 

Officers required 5 

Passenger steamers making excursions, additional equipments re- 
quired on 2 

Permits, excursion, how issued 1 



110 

(VIII) 1. If the master, agent, or owner of any passenger or 

§ 4466, r. s. ferry steamer desires a permit to engage in excursions, the 
inspectors, upon the written application of such master, 
ageDt, or owner, which application must be accompanied 
by an affidavit that the proper equipment is on board, 
may issue the same, stating the number of extra passen- 
gers the boat may carry with safety, the route she may 
run, and the kind and extra number of life-saving appli- 
ances with which she is provided. The permit, when 
used, must be framed under glass and exposed to the view 
of the passengers, in connection with the certificate of 
inspection. 

§ 4466, r. s. 2. Passenger steamers making excursions on the North- 
ern and Northwestern lakes, bays, or rivers, or on waters 
of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and rivers flowing into 
the same, and rivers whose waters flow into the Gulf of 
Mexico, shall have, in addition to their regular life-saving 
equipments, a life-preserver (or float where the same is 
allowed by law) , made in accordance with the rules of the 
Board, or their equivalent in other approved life-saving 
appliances, for each additional passenger allowed. 

§4466, r. s. 3 Steamers making excursions under a permit must 

have at least one lifeboat or life raft, in addition to the 
equipment required by the tables, so carried as to best 
secure the safety of those on board in case of disaster. 

All barges carrying excursions under permit and in tow 
shall be required to carry a master, and shall also carry 
not less than two competent men in deck crew for each 500 
persons or fraction thereof carried on the barge. 

§ 4492, r. s. 4 Every barge carrying passengers in tow and engaged 
in excursions shall be supplied with one life-preserver or 
one float for each passenger carried, and must have ten 
buckets, three axes, and two yawl boats of not less than 
100 cubic feet capacity each, one of which boats must be 
manned and towed in such manner as to best afford 
prompt relief and assistance in case of accident or disaster. 
Steamers or barges carrying passengers on excursions 
must have their extra life-saving appliances and equip- 
ments plainly marked with the vessel's name, and must 
have the life-preservers and floats so distributed before 
leaving the wharf or dock as to be at all times within easy 
reach of the persons carried. 

It shall be the duty of the master of each sail vessel or 
towed barge of over 100 tons carrying passengers for hire 
to expose under glass two copies of the certificate of in- 
spection in conspicuous places in the vessel where they 
will be most likely to be observed by passengers and 
others. 

§ 4426, r. s. 5 When any ferryboat leaves her ferry route to engage 

in excursions she shall be required to carry the same offi- 
cers, crew, and equipment as required by other excursion 
steamers. 






Ill 

Rule IX. — Duties of Inspectors. (IX) 

Section. 
Boilers inspected, number of, to be reported annually to supervis- 
ing inspectors 4 

Boiler coverings, removal of, at annual inspections 6 

Boilers, shells of, to be examined by local inspectors 6 

Boilers, interior of, to be examined by boiler inspector 7 

Casualties, local board to report, to supervising inspectors 11 

Certificate of inspection, number of officers and crew shall be stated 

thereon 6 

Excess of steam, inspectors to prosecute for carrying 14 

Fire apparatus to be tested by hull and boiler inspectors jointly. . 10 

Hydrostatic pressure to be taken by hull and boiler inspectors 10 

Local inspectors to examine the shells of boilers 6 

Local inspectors of hulls and boilers to take indication of hydro- 
static pressure 10 

Lock-up safety-valves, when to be placed on boilers 14 

Notifications, how sent to local inspectors of adjoining districts. . . 3 

Official records, when they may be examined 15 

Reports, annual, of the supervising inspectors, how and to whom 

made 1 

Reports of supervising and local inspectors, how and when made 

public 2 

Reports, quarterly, of local inspectors, when, how, and to whom 

made 12 

Reports, alphabetical list of steamers inspected, officers licensed, 

and when made 13 

Sounding apparatus and hand line, deep sea, required on certain 

ocean steamers 10 

Testimony, when it may be obtained through the supervising in- 
spectors 5 

Whistles, steam, location of 9 

1. Each supervising inspector, in his annual report to §44io, r. s. 
the Board of Supervising Inspectors, is required to report 

the number of steamers inspected in his district, classified 
and alphabetically arranged, stating when built, where 
built, amount of tonnage, the number of masters, mates, 
pilots, and engineers licensed, with their grade, number of 
issue, number of licenses; these lists to be made on blanks 
to be furnished by the Department. He is also required 
to report all expenditures in his district, including salaries, 
and traveling and incidental expenses ; he is also required 
to report all casualties, such report to be made so as to 
accord in form with the tabular statement published in 
the nineteenth annual report; also any occurrence and 
matters which, in his opinion, will add value to the service 
and interest to the report. 

2. No supervising inspector shall make his annual re- §44io, r. s. 
port public until after the same has been presented to the 

Board of Supervising Inspectors, as required by section 
4410, Revised Statutes; and, further, no local board, or 
the clerk thereof, shall make public any report without 
the consent of their supervising inspector or that of the 
Supervising Inspector-General. 

3. It shall be the duty of the supervising inspectors to §4411, r. s. 
inform their respective local boards, in writing, of their 
decisions in cases of appeal. Supervising inspectors 
granting license to a vessel engaged in towing to carry 
persons in addition to its crew, under the act approved 



112 

(IX, 3) July 9, 1886, shall notify the local inspectors in whose 
jurisdiction the steamer receiving the permit is engaged, 
and the local inspectors shall keep a record of the same. 
It shall be the duty of local inspectors to notify the 
local inspectors of adjoining districts, through the super- 
vising inspector, of all revocations or suspensions of 
licenses, and also of the names of all persons from whom 
licenses have been withheld, the names of all steam vessels 
neglecting or refusing to make repairs when ordered, and 
the names of all that have been refused certificates, with 
the reasons therefor; and once in each year local inspect- 
ors shall be supplied with a list of all licensed officers, 
which shall be printed in the annual report of the super- 
vising inspectors. 

§ 44io, r. s. 4. It shall be the duty of local inspectors to report cor- 

rectly at the end of the year, to the supervising inspectors, 
the number of boilers inspected in each of their local 
districts. 

§4405,r. s. 5. Whenever any inspector shall find it necessary, in 

conducting his investigations or in the performance of any 
of his duties, to obtain testimony from the inspectors of 
other districts, he shall request the same through the 
supervising inspector. 

§ 4405, r. s. 6. Local inspectors, at their annual inspections of steam 

boilers, shall remove from the surface of sueh boilers 
as are covered so much of said covering as may be neces- 
sary to enable them to examine parts of the boilers which 
can not be properly examined from the inside, and shall 
examine in a thorough and careful manner, when practica- 
ble, either externally or internally, all parts of the shell 
of every boiler; and the masters, engineers, and owners 
of every steam vessel shall afford every facility necessary 
to carry out in the most effective and efficient manner the 
provisions of this section, and in no case shall an interme- 
diate inspection be deemed any part of the regular annual 
inspection. 

The local inspectors shall, when issuing a certificate of 
inspection, specify therein or thereon the number, class 
or kind of licensed officers and crew required to navigate 
the vessel with safety at all times, but should the master 
or owner desire to operate the vessel not more than 
thirteen hours out of the twenty-four in any one day, the 
local inspectors shall endorse on the certificate of inspec- 
tion the number and class or kind of licensed officers and 
crew that are necessary for such reduced period of navi- 
gation. 

§§ 4405, 4417, 7. It shall be the duty of local inspectors of boilers to 
4418, r. s. thoroughly examine the interior of all boilers when it is 

practicable to do so, to see that the braces are in place and 
of proper size, and to determine whether the boilers are 
in good condition, before granting a certificate of inspec- 
tion, such examinations to be made after the hydrostatic 
pressure has been applied. 



113 

8. It shall also be the duty of the inspectors to compel (IX) 
all floating structures, such as steam elevators (propelled § 4405, r. s. 
by their own motive power), to have their whistles located 

on the front side of such superstructures having an eleva- 
tion higher than the pilot house of the vessels. 

9. All steam whistles shall be placed not less than 6 
feet above the top of the pilot house of steam vessels 
where the height of the smokestack will admit the attach- 
ment of same below its top, when hot hinged for passing 
under bridges, except upon steamers navigating the Red 
River of the North, and rivers whose waters flow into the 
Gulf of Mexico, and steamers of less than 100 gross tons, 
whose steam whistles shall be placed not less than 2 feet 
above the tops of their pilot houses, and all double-end 
ferry steamers, and steamers similarly constructed, shall 
have a steam whistle both fore and aft of the smoke pipe, 
so that the steam, when whistle is blown, can be seen from 
either end of steamer; and it shall be the duty of inspectors 
to enforce this rule at the annual inspection. 

10. It shall be the duty of both the hull and boiler 44 §§ £f 4417 > 
inspectors to be present when the boiler is being tested by 
hydrostatic pressure, and the hull inspector, as well as the 

boiler inspector, shall observe and note the indication 
upon the gauge. 

It shall also be the duty of both the hull and boiler in- 
spectors to examine all pumps, hose, and other fire appa- 
ratus and to see that the hose is subjected to a pressure of 
100 pounds to the square inch and that the hose couplings 
are securely fastened in accordance with these rules. 

It shall be the duty of all local inspectors to require all 
ocean steamers of 500 gross tons and upward to be 
equipped with an efficient deep-sea sounding apparatus, 
in addition to the ordinary deep-sea hand lead. 

11. Local boards shall report forthwith to their super- § 4405 ' R - S - 
vising inspectors in detail all accidents of a serious charac- 
ter — such as collisions, founderings, sinkings, fires — and 

all other casualties of interest to or affecting the steam- 
boat service in their respective districts. 

12. Local boards shall report quarterly to their super- §44ii,r.s. 
vising inspectors all cases of revocation, suspension, and 
refusal of licenses to masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, 

with the reasons therefor; all examinations into alleged 
violations of the steamboat law, with their decisions there- 
on; steamers inspected, with their class and tonnage; 
steamers refused inspection, their class and tonnage, and 
the reasons for such refusal; steamers gone out of service, 
with their class and tonnage; the number of masters, 
mates, pilots, and engineers licensed; grade of licenses 
issued during the quarters ending March 31, June 30, 
September 30, and December 31 or each year. 

The quarterly reports shall be made on or immediately 
after the 5th day of January, April, July, and October in 
each year. 

26191—07 8 



114 

(IX) 13. Inspectors shall, on or before the 5th day of Janu- 

§ 44ii, r. s. ary in each year, make alphabetical list, arranged accord- 
ing to class and grade, of names of vessels inspected dur- 
ing the year previous, with their tonnage, when and 
where built, the name and grade of masters, mates, pilots, 
and engineers licensed, together with all the events affect- 
ing the Steamboat-Inspection Service and occurring in 
their districts, and said facts shall be reported in a tabular 
form and according to blanks to be furnished by the 
Department of Commerce and Labor. 
4437, R? 1 !.' 4436 ' 14- Wh en it is known or comes to the knowledge of the 
local inspectors that any steam vessel is or has been carry- 
ing an excess of steam beyond that which is allowed by 
her certificate of inspection, the local inspectors in whose 
district said steamer is being navigated, in addition to re- 
porting the fact to the United States district attorney for 
prosecution under section 4437, Revised Statutes of the 
United States, shall require the owner or owners of said 
steamer to place on the boiler of said steamer a lockup 
safety valve that will prevent the carrying of an excess 
of steam and shall be under the control of said local in- 
spectors. 

On the placing of a lockup safety valve upon any boiler, 
it shall be the duty of the engineer in charge of same to 
blow or cause the said valve to blow off steam at least 
once in each watch of six hours or less, to determine 
whether the valve is in working order, and it shall be the 
duty of the master of such vessel to see that this rule is 
observed, and it shall be the duty of the master and engi- 
neer to report to the local inspectors any failure of such 
valve to operate. 

In case no such report is made, and a safety valve is 
found that has been tampered with or out of order, the 
license of the engineer having such boiler in charge and 
the license of the master of such vessel shall be suspended 
or revoked. 

It shall be the duty of the local inspectors to send a copy 
of this rule to every steamer in their district when said 
copies are furnished by the Department. 
§ 4405, r. Si j 5 ^y\ official records and official documents on file 

in the office of any supervising inspector or board of 
local inspectors, after official action thereon has been 
concluded, may be open to public inspection and exami- 
nation: Provided, That such inspection or examination 
be made in the office to which such official records and 
documents belong. 

Rule X. — Miscellaneous. 

Section. 

Code of signals between pilot and engineer on certain waters 9 

Cable for communication required on certain steamers 1 

Draft of water on seagoing vessels to be limited 3 

Fog bell required 11 

Inflammable articles, certain, prohibited as stores on passenger and 

pleasure steamers 4 



115 



Section. 



Motor vessels to be provided with whistle blown by compressed (X) 

air or other power 2 

Oil below a certain fire test not allowed as stores on passenger 

vessels 4 

Refined petroleum may be carried under certain restrictions 5 

Refined petroleum, bow to put up for shipment 6 

Speaking tube, when required 1 

Signals between pilot and engineer on certain waters 9 

Searchlight, flashing of, into pilot house of passing vessels for- 
bidden 10 

Telegraph, so-called, may be used between pilot house and engine 

room 1 

Telephone required between pilot house and engine room on cer- 
tain steamers 1 

Whistles blown by compressed air or other power to be used by 

motor vessels 2 

Whistles, steam, unnecessary sounding of, prohibited : 12 

Watchmen and lookout for ocean steamers 7 

Watchmen for passenger steamers 8 

1 . Steamers using the gong signals between the pilot § 4405, r. s. 
house and engine room shall have a tube, of proper size, 

so arranged as to return the sound of the gong to the pilot 
house, and must also be provided with a speaking tube or 
other device for the purpose of conversation between pilot 
house and engine room. 

Nothing in the above shall be construed to prevent the 
use of the so-called telegraph now in use for conveying 
signals from the pilot house to the engine room, but in 
all cases where the telegraph is used the signal shall be 
repeated back. 

On steamers where the distance is more than 150 feet 
between deck houses, a wire cable shall be stretched 
between the deck houses at all times when the vessel is 
loaded and being navigated, this cable to be not less than 
5 feet from the deck; and there shall be attached at all 
times to the cable a traveler with a line of sufficient con- 
tinuous length to insure its operation, in order that com- 
munication between both ends of the vessel may be facili- 
tated at all times. Failure to have such cable stretched 
and traveler attached at all times when the vessel is 
loaded and being navigated shall be sufficient cause for 
the suspension of the license of the master or officer in 
charge. 

On all steamers where the distance is more than 150 
feet between perpendiculars of pilot house and forward 
part of the engine room, there shall be communication by 
means of a telephone between the pilot house and engine 
room, such telephone to be installed in lieu of a speaking 
tube. 

2. Motor vessels of any tonnage other than steam ves- § 4405 » R - S - 
sels shall be provided with a whistle to be blown by com- 
pressed air or other power, to give the necessary whistle 
signals to passing vessels. 



116 

(X) LOAD LINE OF SEAGOING STEAM VESSELS. 

§ 4405, r. g Local inspectors shall limit the draft of water on all 

inspected seagoing vessels, and note the same on the face 
of the certificate of inspection. 

The owner, agent, or master of every inspected seagoing 
vessel shall indicate the draft of water at which he shall 
deem his vessel safe to be loaded for the trade she is en- 
gaged in, which limit, as indicated, shall be stated in the 
vessel's certificate of inspection, and it shall be unlawful 
for such vessel to be loaded deeper than stated in said 
certificate. 

The master of every seagoing vessel shall, whenever 
leaving port, enter the maximum draft of his vessel in the 
log, and the master shall be held responsible that the au- 
thorized draft is not exceeded. 

§ 4472, r. s. 4. None of the inflammable articles specified in section 

4472, Revised Statutes, or oil that will not stand a fire 
test of 300° Fahrenheit shall be used as stores on any 
pleasure steamer or steamer carrying passengers, except 
that vessels not carrying passengers for hire may transport 
gasoline or any of the products of petroleum for use as a 
source of motive power for the motor boats or launches 
of such vessels. 

§ 4472, r. s. 5 Refined petroleum which will not ignite at a tem- 

perature of less than 110° Fahrenheit may, upon routes 
where there is no other practicable mode of transporting 
it, be carried on passenger steamers; but it shall not be 
lawful to receive on board or transport any petroleum 
unless the owner or master of the steamer shall have first 
received from the inspectors a permit designating the 
place or places on such steamer in which the same may be 
carried or stowed, with the further condition that the 
permit shall be conspicuously posted on the steamer. 

§ 4472, r. s. q Refined petroleum must not in any case be received 

on board or carried unless it is put up in good iron-bound 
casks or barrels or in good metallic cans or vessels, 'care- 
fully packed in boxes, and the casks, barrels, or boxes 
plainly marked on the heads thereof with the manufac- 
turer's name, the name of the article, and the degree of 
temperature (Fahrenheit) at which the petroleum will 
ignite. 

§ 4477, r. s. 7 j^y steamers navigating the ocean during the night- 

time shall have a lookout at or near the bow and one 
watchman in each cabin and steerage. 

§ 4477, r. s. g All passenger steamers navigating rivers, lakes, bays, 

and sounds in the nighttime shall have a watchman on 
each deck below the hurricane deck, including the cabins, 
such as are accessible to the passengers and crew when 
under way; and a watchman as lookout at the bow, 
excepting on steamboats navigating the waters emptying 
into the Gulf of Mexico, having hurricane decks that ter- 
minate abaft the stem. Then the watchman, as lookout, 



117 

shall be stationed on the forward part of such hurricane (X, 8) 
deck, who shall perform no other duty between sunset 
and sunrise. 

9. Starting, stopping, and backing signals for § 4405 > rs - 
steam vessels navigating the waters of the eighth 

and ninth supervising inspection districts, and so 
much of lake superior as is included in the fifth 
district. 

The eighth district embraces all the waters of the lakes 
north and west of Lake Erie, with their tributaries, except 
the portion of Lake Superior which is bounded by the 
States of Minnesota and Wisconsin, and also includes the 
upper portion of the Illinois River down to and including 
Peoria, 111. 

The ninth district embraces all the waters of Lakes Erie, 
Ontario, Champ lain, Memphremagog, and the river St. 
Lawrence, and their tributaries. 

There shall be used between the master or pilot and 
engineer the following code of signals, to be made by bell 
or whistle, namely: 

1 whistle or 1 bell Go ahead. 

1 whistle or 1 bell Stop. 

2 whistles or 2 bells Back. 

3 whistles or 3 bells Check. 

4 whistles or 4 bells Strong. 

4 whistles or 4 bells All right. 

Two whistles or two bells shall always mean back, irre- 
spective of other signals previously given. 

The signals between the pilot house and engine room on 
Alaskan rivers shall be as follows : 

When at rest, 1 jingle Stand by. 

1 stroke of gong Ahead full speed. 

2 strokes of gong Astern full speed. 

1 stroke of gong Stop when going 

ahead or astern. 

1 stroke of gong and 1 jingle Ahead half speed. 

2 strokes of gong and 1 jingle Astern half speed. 

When going astern or ahead half speed, 

1 jingle Full speed. 

When going astern or ahead full speed, 

1 jingle Half speed. 

When going ahead or astern, any speed, 

2 jingles Very slow. 

10. Any master or pilot of any steam vessel who shall §4405, r. s. 
flash or cause to be flashed the rays of the searchlight into 

the pilot house of a passing vessel shall be deemed guilty 
of misconduct and shall be liable to have his license sus- 
pended or revoked. 



118 

(X) 11. The efficient fog bell required upon vessels by law 

shall be held to mean a bell not less than 8 inches in diam- 
eter from outside to outside, and constructed of bronze or 
brass or other material equal thereto in tone and volume 
of sound. 
§4405, r. s. i2. Unnecessary sounding of the steam whistle is pro- 

hibited within any harbor limits of the United States. 
Whenever any licensed officer in charge of any steamer 
authorizes or permits such unnecessary whistling, upon 
conviction thereof before any board of inspectors having 
jurisdiction such officer shall be suspended from acting 
under his license as the inspectors trying the case may 
deem proper. 

RULES OF PRACTICE FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF SUPERVISING 
AND LOCAL INSPECTORS OF STEAM VESSELS IN TRIALS OF 
LICENSED OFFICERS OF VESSELS. 

I. Application and Issue of Licenses. 

4441, 4442,' r^s! 1- Application for original license shall be made on the 
prescribed forms, and comply with the requirements of 
law. 

2. Inspectors will furnish applicants with a written or 
printed notice of the time and place of examination. 

3. If the inspectors shall decline to grant the applicant 
the license asked for they shall furnish him a statement, in 
writing, setting forth the cause of their refusal to grant 
the same. 

II. Suspension and Revocation of Licenses. 

4450, r??' 4449, 1- The inspectors shall, when charges have been duly 
filed against a licensed officer of vessel, furnish the accused 
with a copy thereof, setting forth specifically their char- 
acter and the section of the statutes or the rules of the 
board that have been violated. 

2. Subpoenas shall be in the prescribed form, one copy 
of which shall be furnished each witness. 

3. All testimony shall be reduced to writing. The ac- 
cused shall be permitted to cross-examine witnesses, and 
in case of exceptions to questions for any cause the inspect- 
ors shall note the exceptions in the margin of the deposi- 
tion. The deposition shall be signed by the witness and 
sworn to before an officer authorized to administer oaths. 

4. The accused may have the hearing of the case con- 
tinued upon the presentation of reasons satisfactory to 
the board, and the board may, in like manner, continue 
the hearing from day to day. 

5. During the trial the witnesses shall be examined sepa- 
rately, but if the accused is also a witness he shall not be 
subject to this rule. 



119 

6. At any time before the conclusion of the evidence 
the charge or charges, if being tried on charges, may be 
amended, notice of said amendment being furnished to the 
accused of the nature of such amendment, but no amend- 
ment shall be permitted after the conclusion of the evi- 
dence. 

7. Where the witnesses reside in a district other than 
that in which the accused is being tried, a certified copy 
of the charges, together with such interrogatories as the 
inspectors desire to propound, may be forwarded to the 
inspectors of the district .where the witnesses reside, and 
said inspectors shall examine the witnesses in the same 
manner as prescribed in section 3 of this rule. 

S. The testimony thus taken shall be forwarded to the 
inspectors investigating the case and read as evidence in 
the cause, the same as though such testimony had been 
taken by the inspectors trying the same. 

9. The inspectors will furnish the accused with a state- 
ment in writing of their finding in the premises. 

10. The inspectors shall record in a well-bound book, to 
be furnished by the Department for that purpose, the 
charge or charges against the accused, the testimony of ail 
wknesses, and their decision in the premises, which record 
shall be verified by their signatures. 

III. Appeal to Supervising Inspectors. 

1. The supervising inspector, upon notice of an appeal §4452, r.s. 
from the decision of the local board, provided said notice 

of appeal shall be made within thirty days from the date 
of the decision of the local board, shall give notice in writ- 
ing to said local board to forward a certified copy of their 
decision, together with the charges and all evidence in 
writing on file in their office. 

2. The supervising inspector shall then proceed to in- 
vestigate the case under the same rules prescribed for the 
trial of the accused by the local board. 

3. The testimony taken before the local board may be 
considered by the supervising inspector for the purpose 
of determining whether the finding of the local board is 
justified by the evidence, and he shall have power to re- 
mand the same for explanation or correction. 

4. Upon the conclusion of the case the supervising in- 
spector shall furnish the appellant with a notice of his 
finding in like manner as prescribed for local inspectors. 



APPENDIX. 



The following formulas, equivalent to those of the British Board of 
Trade, are given for the determination of the pitch, distance between 
rows of rivets, diagonal pitch, maximum pitch, and distance from cen- 
ters of rivets to edge of lap of single and double riveted lap joints, for 
both iron and steel boilers: 

Let p = greatest pitch of rivets in inches. 

n = number of rivets in one pitch. 

p d = diagonal pitch in inches. 

d = diameter of rivets in inches. 

T = thickness of plate in inches. 

V = distance between rows of rivets in inches. 

E = distance from edge of plate to center of rivet in inches. 

TO DETERMINE THE PITCH. 

Iron plates and iron rivets: 

d 2 X.78 54Xn , , 

P = rp + d. 

Example, first, for single-riveted joint: Given, thickness of plate 
(T) = \ inch, diameter of rivet (d) = J inch. In this case n== 1. Re- 
quired the pitch. 

Substituting in formula, and performing operation indicated, 

T>v , (|) 2 X.7854 X1 7 * . , 
Pitch =— J + 5 = 2.077 inches. 

2 O 

Example for double-riveted joint : Given, t = | inch and d = \ f inch. 
In this case n = 2. Then — 

-p.,, (H) 2 X.7854X2 13 QQa . , 

Pitch = ^-^ ; + t^ = 2.886 inches. 

f lb 

For steel plates and steel rivets: 

23Xd 2 X.7854Xn , , 
* ) = 28XT +d ' 

Example for single-riveted joint: Given, thickness of plate = J inch, 
diameter of rivet = \ | inch. In this case n = 1 . 

Pitch ^ 3X( **>; X x ] 854 X X + g- 2.071 inches. 
(120) 



121 

Example for double-riveted joint: Given, thickness of plate = J inch, 
diameter of rivet = J inch, n = 2. Then — 

P . M 23 X (J) 2 X .7854X2 7 _ OK . , 

Pitch = oq v y i + o = 2.85 inches. 

Zo X? o 

FOR DISTANCE FROM CENTER OF RIVET TO EDGE OF LAP. 

3Xd 



E 



2 • 



Example: Given, diameter of rivet (d) = J inch; required the dis- 
tance from center of rivet to edge of plate. 

3 X - 
E = 9 8 = 1.312 inches, for single or double riveted lap joint. 

FOR DISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS OF RIVETS. 

The distance between lines of centers of rows of rivets for double, 
chain-riveted joints (V) should not be less than twice the diameter 
of rivet, but it is more desirable that V should not be less than 
4d + l 



Example under latter formula: Given, diameter of rivet = J inch; 
then — 



V= (4X|) + 1 =225 inches< 
For ordinary, double, zigzag riveted joints: 



v/(ll p + 4d) (p + 4d) 
10 

Example : Given, pitch = 2.85 inches, and diameter of rivet = J inch ; 
then — 



v= ^ (llX2.85 + 4Xi) (2.85 + 4X1) „ ^ inches 

DIAGONAL PITCH. 

For double, zigzag riveted lap joint. Iron and steel: 



6p + 4d 
10 ' 

Example: Given, pitch = 2.85 inches, and d = J inch; then- 

10 



Pd 



pd= (6X2.85) + (4X| )^ 2Q6incheg 



122 

MAXIMUM PITCHES FOR RIVETED LAP JOINTS. 

For single-riveted lap joints: 

Maximum pitch= (1.31 XT) + If. 
For double-riveted lap joints: 

Maximum pitch = (2.62 X T) + If. 

Example : Given, a thickness of plate = J inch, required the maxi- 
mum pitch allowable. 

For single-riveted lap joint: 

Maximum pitch = (1.31 Xi) + If = 2.28 inches. 

For double-riveted lap joint: 

Maximum pitch = (2.62 X i) + If = 2.935 inches. 

The following tables, taken from the handbook of Thomas W. 
Traill, entitled Boilers, Marine and Land; Their Construction and 
Strength, may be taken for use in single and double riveted joints as 
approximating the formulas of the British Board of Trade for such 
joints. 

To determine the pitch of rivets from the above formulas, use the 
diameter and area of the rivet holes. The diameter of the rivets as 
given in the following tables is the diameter of the driven rivet. 

Any riveted joint will be allowed when it is constructed so as to 
give an equal percentage of strength to that obtained by the use of 
the formula given. 



123 



IRON PLATES AND IRON RIVETS. 

SINGLE-RIVETED LAP JOINTS. 




Thickness of 
plates. 



Diameter of 
rivets. 



Pitch of rivets. 



i 

21 
S 2 

H 

If 

1 

II 

H 

H 

i 

2 9 



H 



1.524 
1.600 
1.676 
1.753 
1.829 
1.905 
1.981 
2.036 
2.077 
2.120 
2.164 
2.210 
2.256 
2.304 
2.352 
2.400 
2.450 
2. 500 
2. 550 
2.601 
2. 652 
2. 703 
2. 755 



Center of rivets 

to edge of 

plates. 


E 


.937 


.984 


1.031 


1.078 


1.125 


1.171 


1.218 


1.265 


1.312 


1.359 


1.406 


1.453 


1.500 


1.546 


1.593 


1.640 


1. 687 


1.734 


1.781 


1.828 


1.875 


1.921 


1.968. 



124 



IRON PLATES AND IRON RIVETS. 



DOUBLE-RIVETED LAP JOINTS. 



ZIGZAG RIVETING. 



CHAIN RIVETING. 




lfjL_* ± 



o 



-(f)- 

-e- 



E 



E 



Thickness 
of plates. 


Diameter 
of rivets. 


Pitch of 
rivets. 


Center of 

rivets to 

edge of 

plates. 


Distance between rows 
of rivets. 


Zigzag 
riveting. 


Chain 
riveting. 


T 


d 


V 


E 


V 


V 


5 
16 


f 


2.272 


.937 


1.145 


1.750 


H 


H 


2.386 


.984 


1.202 


1.812 


1 


1 1 

T6 


2.500 


1.031 


1.260 


1.875 


13 
32 


23 


2.613 


1.078 


1.317 


1.937 


r% 


1 


2.727 


1. 125 


1.374 


2.000 


it 


2 5 

3 2 


2.826 


1.171 


1.426 


2. 062 


1 


t! 


2.886 


1. 218 


1.465 


2.125 


H 


II 


2.948 


1.265 


1.504 


2.187 


9 


1 


3.013 


1.312 


1.544 


2.250 


19 


29 
32 


3.079 


1.359 


1. 585 


2.312 


ft 


it 


3.146 


1.406 


1. 626 


2.375 


II 


31 
32 


3.215 


1.453 


1.667 


2.437 


1 1 
T6 


1 


3.284 


1.500 


1.709 


2.500 


23 
32 


, lh 


3.355 


1.546 


1.751 


2. 562 


I 


1A 


3. 426 


1. 593 


1.794 


2.625 


II 


1A, 


3. 498 


1.640 


1.836 


2. 687 


If 


li 


3. 571 


1.687 


1.879 


2.750 


2 7 

3 2" 


1A 


3.645 


1. 734 


1. 923 


2.812 


I 


1t 3 o 


3.718 


1.781 


1.966 


2.875 


ft 


1 7 

J-32" 


3. 793 


1.828 


2.009 


2.937 


15 
If 


H 


3. 867 


1.875 


2.053 


3. 000 


31 
3 2 


1A 


3.942 


1. 921 


2.096 


3. 062 


1 


1t 5 o 


4.018 


1.968 


2.140 


3.125 






125 



STEEL PLATES AND STEEL RIVETS. 



SINGLE-RIVETED LAP JOINTS. 




Thickness of 
plates. 


Diameter of 
rivets. 


Pitch cf 
rivets. 


Center of rivets 

to edge of 

plates. 


T 


d 


V 


E 


JL 
i 


11 


1.562 


1.031 


9 
32 


ft 


1.633 


1.078 


A 


1 


1.704 


1.125 


1 1 
32 


11 


1.775 


1.171 


I 


13 
16 


1.846 


1.218 


1 3 
3 2 


II 


1.917 


1.265 


T% 


1 


1.988 


1.312 


u 


If 


2.036 


1.359 


\ 


1 5 
T6 


2.071 


1.406 


1 7 
3 2 


ft 


2.108 


1.453 


9 
16 


1 


2.146 


1.500 


1 9 

32 


1A 


2.186 


1.546 


t 


It 1 . 


2.227 


1.593 


ft 


1A 


2.269 


1.640 


1 1 
T6 


i* 


2.312 


1.687 


2 3 

35 


1A 


2.356 


1.734 


1 


It 3 , 


2.400 


1.781 


M 


I/. 


2.445 


1.828 


if 


1* 


2.500 


1.875 


ft 


l/l 


2.562 


1.921 


1 


1A 


2.625 


1.968 


29 
32 


ift 


2.687 


2.015 


1 5 


if 


2.750 


2.062 



126 



STEEL PLATES AND STEEL RIVETS. 

DOUBLE-RIVETED LAP JOINTS. 



ZIGZAG RIVETING. 



CHAIN RIVETING. 




4- 

o -e- 



-* 






Thickness 
of plates. 


Diameter 
of rivets. 


. Pitch of 
rivets. 


Center of 

rivets to 

edge of 

plates. 


Distance between rows 
of rivets. 


Zigzag 


Chain 








riveting. 


riveting. 


T 


d 


V 


E 


V 


V 


A 


ii 

16 


2.291 


1.031 


1.187 


• 1.875 


1 1 

32 


II 


2.395 


1.078 


1.240 


1.937 


1 


1 


2.500 


1.125 


1.295 


2.000 


1 3 
3 2 


2 5 
32 


2.604 


1. 171 


1.349 


2.062 


rV 


H 


2.708 


1.218 


1.403 


2.125 


H 


2 7 
32 


2.803 


1.265 


1.453 


2.187 


4 


1 


2.850 


1.312 


1.487 


2.250 


H 


' ft 


2.900 - 


1.359 


1.522 


2.312 


ft 


tt 


2.953 


1.406 


1.558 


2.375 


It 


31 

32 


3.008 


1.453 


1.595 


2.437 


I 


1 


3.064 


1.500 


1.631 


2.500 


H 


1 1 

■•■S2 


3.122 


1.546 


1.669 


2.562 


H 


1A 


3. 181 


1.593 


1.707 


2.625 


f! 


1A 


3. 241 


1.640 


1.745 


2.687 


! 


ii 


3.302 


1.687 


1.784 


2.750 


If 


1A 


3.364 


1.734 


1.823 


2.812 


H 


1A 


3.427 


1.781 


1.863 


2.875 


II 


1A 


3.490 


1.828 


1.902 


2.937 


1 


H 


3.554 


1.875 


1.942 


3.000 


H 


J 32 


3.618 


1.921 


1.981 


3.062 


11 


1A 


3. 683 


1.968 


2.021 


3. 125 


31 

32 


1H 


3.748 


2.015 


2.061 


3.187 


1 


if 


3.814 


2.062 


2.102 


3. 250 



RULES OF ORDER. 

ADOPTED AT THE SPECIAL MEETING HELD JUNE, 1871— AMENDED 

JANUARY 29, 1885. 



I. The president shall take the chair at the hour appointed, a 
quorum being present, and shall call the Board to order, when the 
secretary shall read the proceedings of the preceding day, which, if 
correct, shall be approved, and the following order of business be 
observed : 

First. Presentation of communications by districts. 
Second. Motions and resolutions. 
Third. Presentation of memorials and petitions. 
Fourth. Reports of committees of the Board. 
Fifth. Miscellaneous business. 

II. The president shall preserve decorum and order; he shall pro- 
nounce the decision of the Board on all subjects, and shall decide all 
questions of order without debate, unless, entertaining doubts on the 
point of order raised, he may call for the sense of the Board; he may 
speak on points of order only, rising from his seat; he may also on 
any other occasion call any member to the chair, and while on the 
floor he shall have the privilege of entering into any debate on any 
question before the Board; such substitution, however, shall not 
extend beyond an adjournment. An appeal may be made from the 
decision of the president by any two members, on which no member 
shall speak more than once without leave of the Board. 

III. Any member who shall deliver his opinion or speak in any 
debate shall rise in his place and respectfully address the president, 
and shall confine himself to the question under debate, and avoid 
personality. If two or more members rise to speak at the same time, 
the president shall decide who shall speak first. 

IV. No member shall speak more than twice on the same question 
without leave of the Board ; nor more than once until every member 
choosing to do so shall have spoken. 

V. If a member, while speaking, is called to order by the president 
or by any other member, he shall cease speaking until it is determined 
whether he is in order or not, and the objectionable words shall, if 
required, be reduced to writing. 

VI. No motion shall be debated or open for discussion or decision 
until the same has been seconded, and it shall be reduced to writing if 
desired by the president or any member. 

VII. When a question is before the Board no motion shall be 
received but to adjourn, to lay on the table, to postpone indefinitely, 
to postpone to a certain day, to commit, to amend; which several 
motions shall have precedence in the order they here stand arranged. 

VIII. A motion to adjourn shall always be in order, and shall be 
decided without debate. When a question is postponed indefinitely, 
the same shall not be acted upon again or reconsidered during the 
session of the Board. 

(127) 



128 

IX. When the yeas and nays shall be called on any question, which 
may be done when three members require it, the secretary shall call 
the names of the members by districts, commencing with the first, 
when the members present shall answer affirmatively or negatively as 
their names are called, unless they shall be excused by the Board: 
Provided, however, That the yeas and nays shall always be called upon 
the adoption of a rule or device requiring the approval of the Secre- 
tary of Commerce and Labor. The absentees and those not voting 
shall also be recorded. 

X. Any member may call for the division of a question when the 
sense will admit of it. 

XI. When a blank is to be filled, and different sums, numbers, or 
times shall be proposed, the question shall first be taken on the highest 
sum or number and on the longest or latest time. 

XII. When the reading of any paper or other matter is called for, 
and the same is objected to by any member, it shall be determined by 
a vote of the Board. 

XIII. Every member of the Board present shall vote on all ques- 
tions unless excused by the Board and all questions shall be decided 
by a majority of votes, except in cases otherwise provided. 

XIV. No motion for reconsideration shall be received, unless made 
by a member and seconded by another who voted in the majority on 
the question. 

XV. All committees shall be appointed by the president unless 
otherwise ordered by the Board on motion, in which case they may be 
appointed by ballot or viva voce. 

XVI. Before putting the question the president shall ask: "Is the 
Board ready for the question?" If no member rise to speak, and a 
majority of the Board are ready for the question, the president shall 
put the question; and after doing so, no member shall speak upon it. 

XVII. If a pending question be lost by adjournment of the Board 
and revived on the succeeding day, no member who shall have spoken 
upon it twice on the preceding day shall be permitted again to speak 
on it without leave. 

XVIII. When a motion is made to lay on the table, the question 
shall be taken without debate. 

XIX. Any one or more of the foregoing standing rules may be 
altered or amended when a majority of the Board shall so determine, 
provided a motion to alter, amend, or change shall have been at least 
one day before the Board. 

XX. All cases of order not herein provided for shall be governed, 
in the discretion of the Board, by the best uses in like cases, particu- 
larly such as prevail in the Congress of the United States. 

XXI. The Board shall, at every session, elect one of its members as 
secretarv. 



INSTRUMENTS, MACHINES, AND EQUIPMENTS APPROVED FOR 
USE ON STEAM VESSELS. 

[Year in which approved is given in parentheses.] 
LIFE RAFTS. 

American Flexible Life Raft Company. (1877.) 

Ammen metallic balsa or life raft. (1895.) 

M. A. Bryson's deer-hair life raft. (1877.) 

Beasley's"life raft. (1881.) 

Barstow's self -de t aching life raft. (1881.) 

Hon. II. C. Calkin's, New York, metallic raft. (1872.) 

Clark's life raft, (1873.1 

J. A. Cone. (1875.) 

J. A. Cone's life raft (Drein & Son), Wilmington, Del. (1886.) 

Columbia life raft, Churchman & Groves, Philadelphia, Pa. (1886). 

Chamber's life raft. (1888.) 

Carley life float, Carley Life Float Company, M. T. Whiton, presi- 
dent, (1901.) 

Davis's life raft. (1877.) 

Frazee Life Raft Company, New York, metallic raft, (1872.) 

Griffith life raft. (1890.) 

Edwin A. Hay's life raft. _ (1883.) 

Emmett Harding's combined life raft and settee, when cylinders 
are constructed of metal. (1884.) 

Hussey life raft. (1894.) 

O. R. Ingersoll, New York, metallic raft. (1872.) 

O. R, Ingersoll's life raft, canvas cylinders covered with rattan, 
when provided with cross braces and air-tight valves for determining 
its air-tight condition. (1884.) 

O. R. Ingersoll's life raft, composed of two cylinders made of cane 
and filled with block cork. (1887.) 

David Kahnweiler's metallic life raft. (1888.) 

Le Due Tule Improvement Company's life raft, San Francisco, Cal. 
(1886.) 

Lane and De Groot, Brooklyn, N. Y., metallic life raft. (1898.) 

Miller's life-saving raft. (1881.) 

Moran Brothers Company, Seattle, Wash., metallic life raft. (1906.) 

Ogden's life raft. (1874.) 

Rider's life raft. (1877.) 

Robert Roberts's metallic raft, (1884.) 

Lewis H. Raymond's life raft. (1881.) 

L. H. Raymond, the "Reliance" metallic life raft. (1896.) 
. W. S, Ray Manufacturing Company, San Francisco, Cal., metallic 
life raft. (1906.) 

John T. Smith's metallic life raft, when the cylinders are provided 
with water-tight bulkheads placed not over 2 feet apart. (1884.) 

(129) 
26191—07 9 



130 

John T. Smith's life raft, when constructed of galvanized iron of 
not less than 24 wire gauge, Birmingham standard, in thickness. 
(1885.) 

Torrey & Co. (1872.) 

Woolsey's life buoy. Rated for two persons, for lake, bay, and 
river, when made, as at present, of 52 pounds of cork, and in that 
proportion when containing a greater amount of cork. (1881-1883.) 

F. H. Ward's metallic folding life raft. (1897.) 

LIFEBOATS. 

Aniello lifeboat, (1895.) 

P. R. Beaupre, Metropolis, 111., automatic self righting and bailing 
lifeboat. (1872.) 

Burke, Wise & Co.'s lifeboat lowering and launching apparatus. 
(1878.) 

Baswitz lifeboat. (1897.) 

Berthon collapsable lifeboat, (1897.) 

Dickinson's self-righting lifeboat. (1881.) 

Dean & Co.'s improved diagonal lifeboat. (1883.) 

Dobbin's lifeboat. (1885.) 

Dobbin's metallic lifeboat. (1888.) 

Thomas Drein & Sons, Wilmington, Del., corrugated metallic life- 
boat, when fitted with suitable bottom boards of usual form to prevent 
the bulging of the floor plates by falling timbers. (1900.) 

J. Walter Douglas, lifeboat. (1893.) 

Eddy's patent sea lifeboat. (1883.) 

Englehardt collapsable (folding) lifeboat, The Engelhard t Collaps- 
able Lifeboat Company, Long Island City, N. Y. (1904.) 

George Judson's lifeboat, (1878.) 

O. R. Ingersoll, self-righting and self -bailing lifeboat. (1887.) 

Mayo Rescue lifeboat, R. D. Mayo, Muskegon, Mich. (1901.) 

Mayo Junior lifeboat, Robert D. Mayo, jr., Hopkins Station, Mich. 
(1904.) 

F. L. Norton's lifeboat; boats to be built of yellow metal. (1887.) 

W. J. Nunan's lifeboat, (1897.) 

Richardson's self-righting and self -bailing lifeboat. (1884.) 

Mr. Stoddars's self-righting and self -bailing lifeboat. (1872.)- 

Shear's self-bailing and self-righting boat, (1873.) 

William H. Taylor's lifeboat. (1894.) 

Myers's lifeboat. (1905.) 

LIFE-PRESERVERS . 

Armstrong Bros. & Co., granulated cork. (1885.) 
Bryson's deer-hair life-preserver. (1877.) 
R. Beeching & Co., granulated cork. (1885.) 
H. Brunswig, life-saving buoy. (1898.) 
E. Clark, cork life-preserver. (1872.) 
George Clark, jr., life-preserver. (1878.) 
Eliza R. Cogswell, life-preserver invented by. (1883.) 
James S. Dunant's California tule life-preserver,- when ends of tule 
are bound with copper wire. (1884.) 

Godfrey & Boyce's life-preserver. (1875.) 
W. H. Godfrey, granulated cork. (1885.) 









131 

J. B. Hamilton's life-preserver, Springfield, Mass. (1901.) 

Dr. Charles Hunt's life-preserver, New York, N. Y. (1907.) 

O. R. Ingersoll, cork life-preserver. (1872.) 

Kahnweiler's never-sink life-preserver. (1874.) 

Kahnweiler's improved granulated cork life-preserver. (1878.) 

D. Kalmweiler & Son's pressed-cork life-preserver. (1894.) 

Le Due Tule Improvement Company's life-preserver, when ends of 
tule are bound with copper wire. (1886.) 

C. M. Lane, of the Lane & De Groot Company, Long Island City, 
N. Y., the Ravenswood life-preserver. (1904.) 

C. S. Merriman, rubber life-saving dress. (1877.) 

Joseph K. McCammon, the Le Due. (1887.) 

Morrison Life Belt Co., St. Louis, Mo., cork life-preserver. (1904.) 

Fitch Reynolds's cork life-preserver. (1879.) 

John Robinson & Co., granulated cork. (1885.-) 

J. A. Seamans, cork life-preserver. (1872.) 

M. A. Scott, cork life-preserver. (1872.) 

John T. Smith's life-preserver, New York. (1892.) 

The Edward Maynard life-preserver, presented by John T. Smith, 
New York. (1887.) 

Truslow & Co., granulated cork. (1885.) 

White & Hay's cork life-jacket. (1878.) 

Upson-Walton Company, solid cork life-preservers. (1905.) 

Butz block-cork life-preserver. (1905.) 

National Cork Company, life-preserver. (1904.) 

LINE-CARRYING GUNS AND PROJECTILES. 

Cunningham self-line-carrying rocket. (1890.) 

Cunningham small rocket for vessels of 500 tons and over 100 tons. 
(October 9, 1891.) 

Hunt's line-carrying gun, large. (1890.) 

Hunt's line-carrving gun, small. Mav be used on all vessels from 
100 to 500 tons. (1890.) 

Hunt gun, No. 2, 20 inches long, 2\ inches diameter of bore. May 
be used on steam vessels from 100 to 500 tons when the gun is con- 
structed in all its parts of material same as used in the large Hunt gun 
already approved by this Board. (1893.) 

Lyle line-carrying gun. (1890.) 

Lyle life-saving shoulder gun mav be used on all vessels not exceed- 
ing 300 gross tons. (1906.) 

Self-anchoring projectile carrying a life line presented by Meyer & 
Rogers, Seattle, Wash. (1907.) 

Semple line shot tracer, presented bv John B. Semple. Pittsburg, 
Pa. (1907.) 

STEAM RUMPS. 

Coil's single-suction steam siphon, presented by All-. Coll, Pittsburg. 
(1872.) 

Coil's improved steam siphon pump. (1874.) 

Hall's duplex steam pump. (1889.) 

Landsell's double-suction steam siphon, presented by II. S. Land- 
sell, New York. (1872.) 



132 

A. Sluthouer, New Philadelphia, Ohio, fire and bilge pump. (1872.) 
Sheriff's steam siphon pump. (1875.) 

Van Duzen & Tift's steam jet pump, for use as a steam fire pump 
on steamers of 100 tons and under. (1884.) 

SAFETY VALVES. 

Common lever valve. (1884.) 

H. G. Ashton, East Cambridge, Mass. (1872.) 

Ashcroft's safety valve. (1877.) 

American Steam Gauge Company, Boston, Mass.; American spring 
safety valve. (1885.) 

Adams spring safety valve, manufactured by Thomas Adams & Co., 
Manchester, England; presented by Luther D. Lovekin, Camden, 
N. J. (1903.) 

Case & Bailey, Detroit, Mich. (1872.) 

Cockburn's safety valve. (1877.) 

Crosby's safety valve. (1877.) 

George E. Colly er, safety valve. (1883.) 

Consolidated Safety Valve Company, Boston, Mass.; steam and 
vacuum gauge. (1884.) 

Crosby & Meady, pop safety valve. (1888.) 

J. M. Coale's pop safety valve and muffler. (1894.) 

Crane pop safety valve, presented by The Crane Company. (1895.) 

Dry Dock Engine Works, Detroit, Mich. (1873.) 

Spring-loaded safety valve, presented by the James W. Elwell & 
Co., New York, N. Y., manufactured by Lethuillier & Pinel, Rouen, 
France. 

Hodgin's safety valve. (1877.) 

HerreshofT Manufacturing Company, pop saftey valve. (1883.) 

Hall's incased safety valve, when lever is permanently attached to 
valve casing. (1889.) 

Norman L. Hayden, Columbus, Ohio, Tippett spring safety valve. 
(1903.) 

The N. L. Hayden Mfg. Co., Columbus, Ohio, Hercules spring- 
loaded safety valve. (1904.) 

E. B. Kunkle, spring-loaded safety valve. (1886.) 
I. T. Kearns, pop safety valve. (1893.) 

J. D. Lynde, Philadelphia, Pa. (1872.) 

F. Lunkenheimer, safety valve. (1888.) 

The Lunkenheimer improved pop safety valve. (1896.) 

Morse's safety valve. (1877.) 

A. Orme's safety valve. (1877.) 

W. E. Pierson, pop valve. (1883.) 

Richardson & Co., Troy, N. Y. (1872.) 

R. F. Silliman's safety valve. (1884.) 

Roe Stephens Manufacturing Company, Detroit, Mich., spring 
safety valve. (1892.) 

Star Brass Manufacturing Company, pop safety valve. (1898.) 

H. G. Trout, King Iron Works, Buffalo, N. Y., spring-loaded safety 
valve, and allowed a rating of 2 square feet of grate surface of boiler 
to 1 square inch area of valve to June 1, 1904. (1885.) 

Utica pop safety valve, presented by the Utica Steam Gauge Com- 
pany, of Frankfort, N. Y. (1900.) 



133 

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. 

Liquid chemical fire extinguishers approved for use on steamers 
carrying passengers, when liquid is contained in copper cylinders 
tested and guaranteed to withstand a pressure of at least 350 pounds 
to the square inch: 

Accurate (1905), Acme (1905), Babcock No. 1(1905), Badger (1905), 
Boyd Marine (1905), Childs (1905), Columbia (1905), Competitor 
(1905), Crescent(1906),DiggsAutomatic(1905),Diggs Upright (1905), 
Eastman (1907), Ecnarusni (1905), Ever Ready (tank made of seam- 
less steel, tested to 600 pounds to square inch, 1907), Holloway 
(1905), Handley's Cageless (1905), Improved Standard (1905), Insur- 
ance (1905), International (1905), Keystone (1905), Marine Rex(1905), 
Metropolitan' (1905), Metropolitan No. 2 (1905), Minimax (1905. 
H-gallon machine, rated at 2\ gallons, 1907), Monarch (1906), Na- 
tional (1906), National Standard (1905), New York (1907), Patrol 
(1905), Phoenix (1905), Queen (1907), Quick Action (1905), Rail- 
way and Marine (1905), Regina (1905), Rex (1905), Royal (1905), 
Salvage (1905), Standard (1905), Stempel (1905), Underwriters (1905), 
United States (1905), United States 2d style (1905), Universal (1907), 
Utica No. 2 (without hose, 1905), Utica No. 3 (without hose, 1905), 
Utica No. 7 (with stopcock and without hose, 1906), Utica No. 8 (with 
stopcock and without hose, 1906), and Victor (1905). 

Little Giant (of the pump type and 3-gailon capacity, 1905). 

Fire extinguishers approved for use, but not allowed as substitute 
for the fire extinguishers required by section 13, Rule IV: 

American (1905), Ever Ready Stand pipe System (1907), Excelsior 
(1905), Fyricide (1905), Motor Rex (1905), Nevermyss (without hose, 
1905). 

MISCELLANEOUS . 

Automatic boat-leak detector, presented by W. F. Cogan, Hoboken, 
N.J. (1906.) . 

Boat unlashing device, presented by Henry Bowden, Norfolk, Va. 
(1906.) 

Bullock automatic tell-tale fire annunciator, presented by Rev. C. 
S. Bullock, Stratford, Conn. (1907.) 

Carpentier automatic safety stop valve, presented by John Twohy, 
of Norfolk, Va, (1900.) 

Clayton fire-extinguishing system. (1905.) 

Cap for boat plug, presented by James Burcher, Philadelphia, Pa. 
(1906.) 

Chair for holding a life-preserver, presented by George Fentrick, 
New York, N. Y. (1906.) 

Copes automatic pump governor, presented by the American Boiler 
Economy Company, of Philadelphia, Pa. (1907.) 

Downs fusible-plug stopper, when manufactured of noncorrosive 
metal; presented by Geo. H. Waters, West New Brighton, N. Y. 
(1904.) 

Dobler boiler attachment, presented by W. R. Miller, New York, 
N. Y. (1906.) 

Flash light, presented by Joshua W. Atlee, Philadelphia, Pa. 
(1906.) . . 



134 

Garrity's mechanical straining and filtering apparatus, when manu- 
factured of iron or steel plates stamped and tested the same as required 
by Rule I for boiler plates; presented by the Garrity Filter Company, 
New Orleans, La. (1904.) 

Ideal automatic pump governor, presented by the Ideal Automatic 
Pump Governor Company, New York, N. Y. (1906.) 

Irvine-Lihou boat handler, presented by Marine Safety Appliance 
Company, New York, N. Y. (1906.) 

Mills patent boat-disengaging gear, presented by William Mills 
Company (Limited), Sunderland, England. (1906.) 

New England Navigation Company's standard boat-disengaging 
gear. (1906.) 

Lewis II. Raymond's boat plug. (1881.) 

Raymond boat releasing hook, presented by James 'R. Raymond, 
New York, N. Y. (1906.) 

Renton's safety boat plug. (1883.) 

Boat plug, presented by George W. Renton, Brooklvn, N. Y. 

(1907.) 

Rich fire indicator. (1905.) 

Boat-detaching device, presented by Henry E. Rottmer, Washing- 
ton, D. C, approved only when installed with the lever fitted so as to 
be conveniently operated by the officer of the boat. (1906.^) 

James Snelgrove's automatic boat plug. (1883.) 

Tanks or air chambers, presented by Capt. J. W. Shackford, of New 
York, N. Y., formed of reindurated wood and placed in boats of steam 
vessels constructed abroad. (1900.) 

Stulp safety water gauge, presented bv Fred J. Stulp, Muskegon, 
Mich. i (1907.) 

Welin quadrant boat davit, presented by A. P. Lundin, New York, 
N. Y. (1907.) 

TIPE BOILERS. 

[Boilers and .steam generators not constructed of riveted iron or steel plates, approved 
under section 4429, Revised Statutes.] 

F. D. Althouse, New York, N. Y. (1889.) 

F. S. Allen, New York, N. Y. (1884.) 

Almy Water Tube Boiler Company, Providence, R. I. (Tvpes A, 
B, and C, 1890; types D and E, 1897.) 

George W. Arrowsmith, Fort Niagara, N. Y. (1894.) 

American Fire Engine Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. (1900.) 

Authentic water-tube boiler, Bugbee & Laycock, Chicago, 111. 
(1901.) 

Acme boiler, Detroit Water Tube Boiler Company, Detroit, Mich. 
(1902.) 

J. L. Anderson, Seattle, Wash. ■ (1904.) 

A. Perry Blivin, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1885.) 

Park water-tube boiler, by the Aultman and Taylor Machinery 
Company, Mansfield, Ohio. (1905.) 

C. M. Raymond steam boiler, The Dieter Steam Engine Company, 
New York, N. Y. (1905.) 

Stickney safety steam generator, II. R. Stickney, Portland, Me. 
(1905.) 

Spokane Machinery Supply Co., water-tube boiler. (1905.) 






Charles G. Rogers, wai- sHbabe boiler (modified form Roberts coil 
boiler), Pittsburg, Pa. (1905.) 

The Bonson furnace boiler, Chicago, 111. (1905.) 

The W. D. McNaull water-tube boiler, Toledo, Ohio. (1005.) 

George B. Brayton, Providence, R. I. (1885.) 

The Belleville boiler, presented by Miers Corvell, of New York. 
(1887.) 

Brigham & Markham, Hartford, Conn. (1889.) 

Braggin's, Rochester Machine Tool Works, Rochester, N. Y. 
(1889.) 

Bowdish, Skaneateles, N. Y. (1890.) ■ 

John E. T. Bartlett, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1891.) 

Alfred Box & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (1 892.) 

Ira Bradley, Maiden, Mass. (1892.) 

Augustus Bailey, Spuyten Duyvil, N. Y. (1893.) 

George D. Bower, Trenton, N. J. (1893.) 

Babcock & Wilcox, New York, N. Y. (1894.) 

L. Boyer's Sons, New York, N. Y. (1894, 1901.) 

Buschmann & Layman, Baltimore, Mel. (1895, 1897.) 

John Bonner, Tiburon, Cal. (1895.) 

C. R. Benton, Vergeimes, Vt. (1896.) 

Buckley patent water-tube pipe boiler, Rochester Machine Tool 
Works, Rochester, N. Y. (1896.) 

Barr, Reynolds <£«Co. 7 Rochester, N. Y. ; E. P. Clapp boiler No. 1. 
(1897.) 

George Bolland, Pittsburg, Pa. (1897.) 

Bretherton boiler, James C. Wignall, Philadelphia, Pa. (1897.) 

A. J. Beach, Moline, 111. (18.98.) 

Joseph G. Brassard, Central Falls, R. I. (1898.) 

Edward Bounds, Pittsburg, Pa. (1898.) 

James H. Brown, Boston, Mass. (1898.) 

Barr & Creelman, Rochester, N. Y. (1900.) 

W. J. Boland, Chicago, 111. (1900. ) 

Bugbee & Lavcock, Chicago, 111. Authentic water-tube boiler. 
(1901.) 

Barton Boiler Company, Chicago, 111.; Barton's Flash boiler. 
(1904.) 

Fred A. Ballin, Portland, Oreg. (1906.) 

B. F. Binnix, Washington, IX C. (1906.) 
E. W. Bailey, Portsmouth, Ya. (1907.) 

C. H. Caswell, Newport, R. I. (1887.) 

Miers Coryell, New York; The Belleville boiler. (1887.) 

Copeland boiler, when composed in all its parts of wrought iron, 
copper, brass, or steel: Northrop Manufacturing Company. (1888.) 

H. B. Cumming, Maiden, Mass. (1889.) 
.C. B. Crowley & E. G. Browne, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1889.) 

Clapp & Jones Manufacturing Company, Hudson, N. Y. (1889.) 

Crawford & Saunier's, Newark, N.J. ("Passaic/' 1890; "Gem," 
1891.) 

Cruikshank's, Providence, R. I. (1890.) 

E. J. Copeland, New York, N. Y. (1891.) 

"Cary's" steam generator changed from " Gray's," Providence, 
R. I. (1891.) 

Edward S. Clark, Boston, Mass. (1S01, 1S05, 1898.) 



136 

Olonbrock Steam Boiler Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1891, 1902.) 
Clay & Torbensen, Camden, N. J. (1892.) 
Cole & Reinhart, Camden, N. J. (1892.) 
Louis S. Clark, Pittsburg, Pa. (1893.) 

A. E. Corey, Allegheny, Pa. (1893.) 

Coller Yacht and Engine Works, Detroit, Mich.; Coller sectional 
boiler. (1893, 1895.) 

E. P. Clark, New York, N. Y. (1894.) 

The Coulter & McKenzie Machine Company, Bridgeport, Conn. 
(1894.) 

Christiansen marine boiler; John A. Duggan, Boston, Mass. 
(1894.) 

C. R. Cowley, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1895.) 

Baylies C. Clark, New York, N. Y. (1896.) 

J. F. Craig, Toledo, Ohio; Craig water-tube boilers, Nos. 1 and 2. 
(1896.) 

E. P. Clapp boiler No. 1; Barr, Reynolds & Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
(1897.) 

William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia, Pa.; Yarrow type No. 2, and 
Niclausse water-tube boiler. (1897.) 

W. T. Clark, Boston, Mass. (1897.) 

Osceola Currier, Newark, N. J. (1897.) 

E. P. Chancellor, Parkersburg, W. Va. (1898.) 

J. Castleman, Brooklyn, N. Y.; T. F. Morrin's*pipe boiler. (1898.) 

James Carnegie, New York, N. Y.; type "B." (1899.) 

Peter Cone, Jacksonville, Fla. (1899.) 

Ed Cheetham, Detroit, Mich. (1900.) 

Chas. R. Cowley and Howell C. Cooper, Everett, Mass.; Cowley 
and Cooper boiler. (1901.) 

Charles D. Casad, Seattle, Wash. (1902.) 

C. B. Clark, South Brewer, Me. (1902.) 

B. F. Cook, Fort Pierce, Fla. (1902.) 

E. J. Codd, Baltimore, Md.; Smith patent boiler. (1904.) 

Will F. Cook, Oshkosh, Wis. (1906). 

E. G. Durant, for using petroleum. (1888.) 

L. D. Davis, Erie, Pa. (1891, 1894, 1898.) 

Anson C. Dearing, Detroit, Mich. (1894.) 

Charles De Vore, Philadelphia, Pa. (1894.) 

J. J. Driscoll, Stapleton, N. Y. (1894.) 

George E. Dow, Seattle, Wash. (1894.) 

John A. Duggan, Boston, Mass.; Christiansen marine boiler. 
(1894.) 

J. W. Dawson, Wyandotte, Mich. (1895.) 

E. N. Drouillard, Wyandotte,, Mich.; Drouillard water-tube boiler 
No. 1. (1896.) 

Daring type Thorny croft pipe boiler, Thorpe, Piatt & Co., New 
York, N. Y. (1897.) 

Robert Don, Stockton, Cal. (1897.) ~ 

Dearing water-tube boiler, Detroit, Mich. (1897.) 

Detroit Screw Works, Detroit, Mich. ; Taylor boiler. (1898.) 

A. D. Davis, Yonkers, N. Y. (1899.) 

Detroit Water-Tube Boiler Company, Detroit, Mich. (1899.) The 
"Acme" boiler. (1902.) 

W. E. Dickey, New York, N. Y.; porcupine boiler. (1902.) 






137 

C. F. Davenport, Brooklyn, N. Y., assigned to Empire State Engi- 
neering Company, New York, N. Y. (1904.) 

William F. Duval, Jersey City, N. J. (1904.) 

Dobler boiler attachment or water heater, presented by W. R. Mil- 
ler, New York, N. Y. (1906.) 

F. W. Edwards, Bayonne, N. J. (1899.) 

Benjamin P. Emery, Kennebunkport, Me. (1899.) 

Henry Ernst, New York, N. Y. (1901.) 

A. G Evans, Norfolk, Ya. (1901.) 

Farnie & Geer, v Syracuse, N. Y. ; the Farnie boiler, steam pressure 
to be allowed on such boiler as the bracing will entitle the same to 
carry. (1887.) 

Hugo L. Frederick, copper boiler. (1889.) 

William Flaggs, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1891.) 

Charles W. Foster, New Haven, Conn. (1892, 1894, 1895.) 

W. S. Fairchild, Newark, N. J. (1892.) 

Walter B. Fowler, Lawrence, Mass. (1892.) 

H. H. Frederick, New Orleans, 3 horsepower. (1893.) 

Thomas Fearon, Yonkers, N. Y. (1893, 1895, 1897.) 

Fenlavson & Popkins, Detroit, Mich. (1893.) 

John A. Flajole, Bay City, Mich. (1894.) 

William Flagg, Bayonne, K J. (1895, 1898.) 

H. E. Frauz, steam generator; presented by J. H. MittendorfT, 
Washington, D. C. (1895.) 

A. W. Finlayson, Detroit, Mich. (1896.) 

Fore River Engine Company, Weymouth, Mass. (1897.) 

Samuel M. Gray, Providence, R. I. (1890, 1896.) 

Goodridge attachment for oil boilers. (1891.) 

"Gem" boiler, Crawford & Saunier, Newark, N. J. (1891.) 

J. M. Glover, Baldwin, Long Island, New York. (1892.) 

James S. Gedeohn, Cleveland, Ohio; pipe boiler. (1892.) 

Griswold pipe generator, Henrv Suttor. (1893.) 

E. U. Gibbs, Elmira, N. Y. (1894.) 
C. F. Gallion, Baltimore, Md. (1895.) 

T. W. Godwin & Co., Norfolk, Ya. (1896.) 

Gas Engine and Power Company and Charles L. Seabury & Co., 
New York, N. Y. (Types "E," "Alga," and "Enterprise," 1898; 
"Kanawha" type, 1899; "D improved" and "E improved," 1893.) 
See S— Charles L. Seabury & Co. 

Siren Galliher, Normal, Ky. (1898.) 

F. G. Gibson, Dorchester, Mass. (1899.) 
Herreshoff, Bristol, R. I. (1873, 1878, and 1898.) 
S. P. Hedges, Greenport, N. Y. (1885, 1889, 1895.) 
Hazelton Company, water-tube porcupine boiler. (1886.) 

V. R. Hyde, Portland, Oreg.; the H. Statesmen boiler. (1886.) 
The Hartley boiler; presented by the Pioneer Iron Works, Brook- 
lyn, N. Y. (1887.) 

Hohenstein, Newark, N. J. (1890.) 
T. Hansen, Boston, Mass. (1891.) 

E. Hayes, Rochester, N. Y. (1891.) 

F. W. Hyslop, New York, N. Y. (1892.) 
Gardener C. Hawkins, Boston, Mass. (1892.) 

H. J. Hancock, New York, N. Y.; Howard steam generator. 
(1893.) 



138 

A. C. Harding, Chicago, ILL (1893.) 

Henry Haenel, St. Augustine, Fla. (1894.) 

George H. Holmes, Gardiner, Me. (1894.) 

Hampden Hyde, Rochester, N. Y. (1894.) 

Heme safety boiler, by E. D. Meier, St. Louis, Mo. (1895.) 

George Harden, Detroit, Mich. (1895.) 

William H. Herbertson, Cadwallader, Pa. (1896.) 

Henry A. House, Bridgeport, Conn. (1897.) 

Henry E. Hull, Clinton, Conn. (1899.) 

George L. Haman, Detroit, Mich. (1901.) 

Gordon H. Hardie, Victoria, British Columbia. (1902.) 

C. W. Hawkes, Chicago, 111. (1906.) 

Frank A. Hensley, San Antonio, Tex., porcupine boiler. (1906.) 

Hohenstein marine boiler; presented by Oil City Boiler Works, 
New York, N. Y. (1907.) 

International Power Company, Providence, R. I. (1900.) 

Ernest A. John's boiler, New York, N. Y. (1892.) 

J. B. Jardine, San Francisco, Cal. (1894.) 

J. R. Jackson, McKeesport, Pa. (1894.) 

W. E. Jenkins and A. Stokey, Tacoma, Wash. (1.900.) 

Geo. E. Jones, Newark, N. J. (1900.) 

Ernest N. Janson, Washington, D. C. (1901.) 

Johnson Service Company, Milwaukee, Wis. (1907.) 

John R. Karstendick, New Orleans, La. (1884.) 

Charles L. Kraemer, New York, N, Y. (1898.) 

J. H. King, Daytona, Fla. (1899. Modification, 1900, presented 
by J. B. Sloan, Jacksonville, Fla.) 

Chas. Kellogg, Athens, Pa. (1900.) 

Geo. Krill & Bro., Baltimore, Md. (1900.) 

Charles H. Kimball, Plattsburg, N. Y.; "Kaelnia" boiler. (1902.) 

C. W. Krotz, New Orleans, La. (1903.) 

Keep & Co., Portland, Oreg. (1904.) 

Lidback Manufacturing Company, Portland, Me. (1890.) 

J. Lacroix and Ed Rey, New Orleans, La. (1892, 1898.) - 

Laughlen & Co., Pittsburg, Pa. (1893.) 

John H. Lutz, Michigan City, Ind. (1894.) 

J. H. & J. D. Lucas, St. Louis, Mo. (1895.) 

L. W. Loomis, Carrollton, 111. (1896.) 

William H. C. Lyons, Philadelphia, Pa. (1896.) 

Paul W. Lichtenberger, Philadelphia, Pa. (1897.) 

Luippold Bros., Buffalo, N. Y. (1897.) 

Geo. Lawley & Son Corporation, Boston, Mass. (1900.) 

Harry Lawson, Jersey City, N. J. (1900.) 

Joseph C. Lesley, St. Albans, Vt. (1900.) 

S. C. Lighthill, Allegheny, Pa. (1900.) 

W. S. Lowe, Lima, Ohio. (1900.) 

L. A. Langmaid, Bath, Me. (1901.) 

Harry Lawson, New York, N. Y- (1904.) 

U. G. Lee, Chicago, 111. (1904.) 

Locomobile boiler; presented by The Locomobile Company of 
America, Chicago, 111. (1904.) 

E. W. Millard, Troy, N. Y. (1889.) 

C. B. Mosher, Amesbury, Mass. (1891.) 



139 

•'McQueen" boiler; Sullivan & Elder, Albany, N. Y. (1891.) 

The Morrin Climax steam generator, Clonbrock Steam Boiler Co., 
Brooklyn, N. Y. (1S91. Improved boiler, 1902.) 

T. F! Morrin's pipe boiler; J. Castlcman, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1898.) 

T. F. Morrin, Brooklyn, X. Y.; horizontal ami vertical types of 
water-tube boiler. (1900.) 

Frank Mahoney, New York, N. Y.; a horizontal boiler and a verti- 
cal boiler. (1892.) 

McBride Bros.' boiler, Philadelphia, Pa. (1892.) 

C. McDonao-h, Hancock, Mich. (1892.) 

E. A. Magee, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1893.) 

Joseph Mohr, Chicago, 111. (1893.) 

I. G. Morgan, Seattle, Wash. (1894.) 

W. W. Moore, Eugene, Greg. (1894.) 

R. Munroe & Son, Pittsburg, Pa. (1894.) 

E. D. Meier, St. Louis, Mo.; Heine safety boiler. (1895.) 

J. H. Mittendorff, Washington, D. C: H. E. Frauz steam genera- 
tor. (1895.) 

W. J. McCaffrey and Charles Hilbert, Sing Sing, N. Y. (1895.) 

John Mohr & Sons, Chicago, 111. (1896.) 

August Miller, Jefferson Parish, La. (1897.) 

G. F. Martin, St. Joseph, Mich. (1897.) 

George F. Martin, Benton Harbor, Mich. (1898.) 

George H. Mallett, West Chester, N. Y. (1898.) 

J. W. McQueen, Detroit, Mich. (1899.) 

Edward J. Moore, Philadelphia, Pa. (1899.) 

Tug Mayiham, Houghton, Mich.; copper fire furnace, special. 
(1899.) 

Walter MacFarlane, Seattle, Wash. (1900.) 

Marine Iron Works, Chicago, 111. (1901.) 

Philip J. Miller, Annapolis, Md. (1903.) 

James McCartney, Mobile, Ala. (1904.) 

Charles D. Mo slier, Mosiier Water Tube Boiler Company, New 
York, N. Y., types A and B. (1904.) 

Miner flash steam generator, Winthrop Waite, New York, N. Y. 
(1907.) 

Northrop Manufacturing Company; Copeland boiler, when com- 
posed in all its parts of wrought iron, copper, brass, or steel. (1888.) 

Niclausse water- tube boiler; William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia, 
Pa. (1897.) 

New York Safet}" Steam Power Company, New York, N. Y. ; the 
Worthington boiler. (1891, 1897.) 

New York Shipbuilding Company, Camden, N. J. (1902.) 

Nott marine boiler, Nott Fire Engine Company, Minneapolis, Minn. 
(1906.) 

Ofeldt's, Newark, N. J. (1889.) 

Marvin E. Otis, Rochester, N. Y. (1891.) 

William Oldman, jr., Buffalo, N. Y ; horizontal and vertical boilers. 
(1896, 1897.) 

Charles Ogle and James Hall, Jeffersonville, Ind. (1897.) 

F. W. Ofeldt & Sons, Brooklyn, N. Y (1901.) 

James E. Orme and Henry H. Orme, St. Paul, Minn. (1902.) 



140 

Gil City Boiler Works, New York, N. Y.; Hohenstein marine boiler. 
(1907.) 
Pioneer Iron Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; the Hartley boiler. (1887.) 
"Passaic" boiler, Crawford & Saunier, Newark, N. J. (1890.) 
M. H. Phmkett, boiler, Nos. 1 and 2, Baltimore, Md. (1892.) 
Perkins & Richmond, Grand Rapids, Mich. (1894.) 
Frank Printz, New Grleans, La. (1895.) 
Charles S. Parker, Orange, Tex. (1895.) 
R. C. Price, Allegheny, Pa. (1895.) 
George E. & Charles A. Painter, Pittsburg, Pa. (1896.) 
William E. Plummer, jr., Buffalo, N. Y. (1896.) 
Joseph Provuncher, East Providence, R. I. (1896, 1898.) 

D. A. Park, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1897.) 
Dr. E. L. Parker, Detroit, Mich. (1898.) 
J. E. Parker, Chicago, 111. (1900.) 
Archibald Pifer, Braidentown, Fla. (1900.) 
Parker Engine Company, Philadelphia, Pa. (1901.) 

Thomas B. Perkins, Grand Rapids, Mich. (1901; improved por- 
cupine boiler, 1903.) 

S. T. Powers, New Orleans, La.; porcupine boiler. (1903.) 
Pearson Manufacturing Company, Allegheny, Pa.; Pittsburgh 
boiler. (1904.) 

E. E. Roberts, New York. (1883.) 

Rochester Machine Tool Works, Rochester, N. Y. ; Braggin's boiler 
(1889, 1894); Buckley patent water-tube pipe boiler (1896). 
Martin R. Ruble, Newark, N. J. (1891.) 

F. J. Robinson, Detroit, Mich. (1891.) 
D. Rousseau, New York, N. Y. (1894.) 
C. Reinhardt, Baltimore, Md. (1895.) 

Roberts water- tube boiler, New York, N. Y. (1883) ; improvements 

in boiler (1895); types F, G, H, and I (1897). 

J. B. Rives, St. Paul, Minn.; Waterous boiler. (1896.) 

Phil Rohan, St. Louis, Mo.; Western water-tube boiler.. (1898.) 

Jacob Ruf, Newark, N. J. (1899.) 

T. W. Rucker, St. Louis, Mo. (1899.) 

Erdix Rounds, Owensboro, Ky. (1900.) 

A. L. Rhodes, West Superior, Wis. (1902.) 

Racine Boat Manufacturing Company, Muskegon, Mich.; Racine 

water- tube boiler. (1904.) 

Risdon Iron Works, San Francisco, Cal. (1904.) 

josiah Robinson. Watervliet, N. Y. (1904.) 

The Shipman boiler, for using pretroleum. (1886.) 

The H. Statesman boiler, presented by V. R. Hyde,, Portland,, Oreg. 

(1886.) 
James B. Stead ; sectional water-tube boilers, Nos. 1 and 3. (1 888.) 
Charles L. Seabury, Nyack, N. Y. (1889, 1891, 1894, 1895, 1897.) 

See G, Gas Engine and Power Company and Charles L. Seabury & Co. 
W. J. Sanderson's, Syracuse, N. Y. (1890.) 
Harris K. Stroud's, Hastings, Minn. (1890.) 
Sullivan & Ehler, Albany, N. Y. ; "McQueen." (1891.) 
Thomas L. Sturtevant, Boston, Mass. (1891, 1892, 1895.) 
Shortt Duplex Boiler Company, New York, N. Y. (1892.) 
W. D. Smith, Detroit, Mich. (1892.) 



141 

Henry Sutter, Griswold pipe generator and Sutter sectional porcu- 
pine boiler. (1893.) 

Stillman Saunders, Providence, R. I. (1893.) 

Seachrist & Parker, Erie, Pa. (1893.) 

Lewis Saunders, Lawrence, Mass. (1894.) 

Lee H. Stevens, New Albany, Ind. (1894, 1895.) 

B. T. Squier, New York, N. Y. (1895.) 

William Skelton, jr., Buffalo, N. Y. (1895.) 

Halcyon Skinner, Yonkers, N. Y. (1895.) 

Horace See, New York, N. Y. (1895) ; improvements Nos. 1 and 2 
(1904). 

Jacob H. Smith, Baltimore, Md. (1895.) 

Isaac E. Shepardson, Providence, R. I. (1896.) 

Speedy type Thorny croft pipe boiler, Thorpe, Piatt & Co., New 
York,N.Y. (1897.) 

Richard Spreckels and Walter J. Wayte, San Francisco, Cal. (1898.) 

Charles Stillwell, Hampton, Ya. (1898.) 

Wallace Stebbins & Sons, Baltimore, Md. (1900.) 

The Schaffer Machine and Manufacturing Company, Baltimore, 
Md. (1902.) 

George W. Swartz, Decatur, Ala.; porcupine boiler. (1902.) 

Emil Santsche, Eureka, Cal.; porcupine boiler. (1903.) 

Salamandrine boiler, manufactured by the Salamandrine Boiler 
Company, Newark, N. J., presented by H. L. Ricks, Eureka, Cal. 
(1903.) 

Schwing & Greaud, Gramercv, La. (1904.) 

J. A. Shaw, Newark, N. J. (1904.) 

Smith patent boiler, presented by E. J. Codd, Baltimore, Md. 
(1904.) 

G. E. Tregurtha, Boston, Mass. (1890, 1892.) 

Tavlor Bros., Trenton, N. J. (1893.) 

B. Louis Toquet, Westport, Conn. (1893, 1894.) 

H. H. Taylor, Detroit, Mich. (1895.) 

Taylor boiler, Detroit Screw Works, Detroit, Mich. (1898.) 

Taunton Automobile Companv, Taunton, Mass. ; porcupine boiler. 
(1903.) 

Tabrett & Lewin, San Francisco, Cal. (1903.) 

W. J. Tierney and William Marquez, New Orleans, La. (1895.) 

Winthrop Thayer, Boston, Mass. (1897.) 

Thorpe, Piatt & Co., New York, N. Y.; Thorny croft pipe boiler, 
"Daring" and "Speedy" types. (1897.) 

W. M. Towers, Rome, Ga. (1897.) 

W. C. Thompson, Philadelphia, Pa. (1897.) 

John Trasher, New Orleans, La. (1902.) 

William R. Thropp, Trenton, N. J. (1906.) 

Towne water-tube boiler, presented by Benjamin T. Squier, Brook- 
lyn, N. Y. (1906.) 

N. A. Uren, Juneau, Alaska. (1907.) 

Emil Volk, New York, N. Y. (1894.) 

J. E. Vincent, Palatka, Fla. ; a water-tube boiler and a porcupine 
boiler. (1902.) 



142 

diaries Ward, Charleston, W. Ya. (1883); coil boiler and "Navy" 
horizontal pipe boiler (1894) ; Ward's torpedo-boat boiler, Ward's 
torpedo-boat boiler No. 2, Ward's straight-tube launch boiler (1895); 
Ward's Royal Arch or Navy boiler (1897). 
S. Waterhouse, Boston, Mass. (1884.) 
J. W. Walters & Co., sectional water-tube boiler. (1888.) 
Wadham, 1315 Third avenue, New York, N. Y. (1890.) 
Worthington water-tube boiler, New York Safety Steam Power 
Company, New York, N. Y. (1891, 1897.) 

George & James Warrington, Chicago, 111. (1891.) 

C. A. Wilkerson, Lynn, Mass. (1892.) 
Wickes Bros., East Saginaw, Mich. (1893.) 
Warner & Papst, San Francisco, Cal. (1893.) 
George L. Wright, North Andover, Mass. (1894.) 

Samuel T. Williams, "Baltimore, Md. (1894; modification, 1899 
and 1900.) 

D. Y. Williams, South Haven, Mich. (1894.) 
W. Frank West, Morris Heights, N. Y. (1895.) 
George Warrington, Chicago, 111. (1895.) 
Waterous boiler, J. B. Hives, St. Paul, Minn. (1896.) 
R. Weston & A. M. Lemke, Saginaw, Mich. (1896.) 
George L. Whittington, Sea Isle City, N. J. (1896.) 
Charles P. Willard, Chicago, 111. (1896.) 
Benjamin A. Wyatt, Boston, Mass. (1897.) 
Charles M. Weber, Cincinnati, Ohio. (1897.) 
Watson & Peterson, Kansas City, Mo. (1897.) 
Theodore H. Wyman, Sebec, Me. (1897.) 

James C. Wignall, Philadelphia, Pa.; Bretherton boiler. (1897.) 
Western water-tube boiler; Phil Rohan, St. Louis, Mo. (1898.) 
Egbert P. Watson, Elizabeth, N. J. (1898; modification, 1900; 
porcupine boiler, 1903.) 

Robert White, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1899.) 
Beder Wood, Moline, 111. (1899.) 
George S. Wolf, West Dover, Ohio. (1901.) 
George Warrington, Chicago, 111. (1902.) 

E. C. Walker Co., Louisville, Ky. (1907.) 

White patent steam generator, presented by The White Garage, 
Cleveland, Ohio. (1907.)^ 

Winthrop Waite, New York, N. Y., the Miner flash steam generator. 
(1907.) 

Yarrow water-tube boiler, New York, N. Y. (1892.) 

Yarrow type, No. 2, Wm. Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia, Pa. (1897.) 

Robert R. Zell & Co., Baltimore, Md. (1894.) 



INDEX. 



Page. 

Accident drill on passenger learners 105 

Accidents, reports of: 

By licensed officers 96 

By local boards 113 ' 

Adamson flues. See Flues. 

Adamson rings in steam chimney flues 44 

Affidavit of manufacturer of: 

Line-carrying guns 78 

Marine steam boilers 14 

Constructed of material tested at mill 13 

Using steel braces 21 

Air cliamlx?rs approved for use on steam ves- 
sels 134 

Alaskan rivers, starting, stopping, and back- 
ing signals on 117 

Anchors, floating, requirements for 82 

Angle rings in steam chimney flues 43, 44 

Angle stifieners for curved surfaces 29 

Appendix 120 

Appeals to supervising inspector in cases of 

trial of licensed officers 119 

Axes on passenger vessels 84 

Barges: 

Excursion, regulations regarding 110 

Ferry, life-saving equipment on 110 

Passenger, life-saving and fire-fighting 

equipment of ' 77 

Barrels, fire, on passenger steamers 84 

Bell. Srr Fog bell; Signals. 

Bending test, steel and iron boiler plates 12 

Board of Supervising Inspectors, rules of 

order for 127 

Boat drill M5 

Boat plugs approved for use on steam vessels. 134 
Boiler coverings, removal of, at annual in spec- 

tions 112 I 

Boiler flues. See Flues. 
Boiler plates: 
Extending beyond cylindrical shell over fur- 
naces, requirements for 17 

For repairs or stock, testing of, at mill 10 

Iron — 

Bending test of 12 

Requirements for 12 

Requirements for 10 

Stamping of 9 

Steel- 
Quenching and bending test of 12 

Requirements for 11 

Testing of 10 

At mills 10 

Tests of, record of 13 

Boilers: 

Angle stiireners for curved surfaces 29 

Apnrovcd for us? on steam vessels 114 

Butt straps of 18 

t iron and steel in 48, CI 

Combustion chambers and back connections 21 

Copper tubes in 61 

Date of building of .7) 

Diagonal stavs, area of IS 

Donkey 18 

Drawings and specifications for 16. 59 

Drilling of. to determine thickness 18 

Drums of f;l 

Externally fired, distance of flues of, from 

shells 59 

Food water for 50 

Fittings of, material for -IS, 4M 



Page. 

Boilers— Continued. 

Flash 51 

Flat surfaces in, stress allowable on 22 

Foreign-built, admission of, to American 

registry 14 

Fusible plugs in ; 50 

Gauge cocks of 51 

Girders used in 21 

Heads of 24 

Western rivers 59 

Holes iu- 
Drilling of 17, 18 

For pipe connection, reinforcement of 47 

Hydrostatic test of 18, 61 

Presence of both local inspectors at 113 

Inspected, report of local inspectors on — . 112 

Inspection of 112 

By new engineer 95 

Made since "February 28, 1872, pressures 

allowable on, table of 62 

Malleable-iron fittings in 61 

Manholes in shells of 59 

Western rivers 59 

Manufacturers' affidavits regarding 13, 14 

Name plates for 50 

Porcupine type, formula for determining 

pressure on 60 

Pressures allowable on — 

Rule for 17 

Table of 62 

Rivet holes in 17 

Repairs to, engineer's report on 95 

Safety valves for 52 

Lock-up, to prevent excessive steam 

pressure 114 

Sea cocks connected with 57 

Stays of— 

Manufacturer's affidavit regarding 21 

Maximum pitch of 23 

Requirements for 1* 

Steam gauges of 52 

Stop valves for 58 

Thickness of, drilling to determine 18 

Unsafe, engineer's report on 95 

Water gauge of 51 

Western rivers 59 

Water-tube 59 

Copper and brass tul >es and drums in 61 

Drawings for 59 

Hydrostatic test of 61 

Pressure allowable in 60 

Western river 59 

Fenders behind 88 

Which have been used for other purposes, 

use of, a s marine boilors 10 

Woodwork near, protection of 58 

Boiler shells: 

Cylindrical, pressure allowable on 17 

Inspection of 112 

Boiler-tube plate, compressive stress allow- 
able on 31 

Boiler tubes: 

Lap-welded . pressu re allowal lie on 25 

Seamless steel, inspection, testing, and 

gauging of 27 

Bolts. See Socket bolts; Slav holts. 

Brass tubes in water-tui*' boners - I 

Bridge, navigator's, exclusion of certain per- 
sons from 93 

Buckets, fire, requirements regarding 84 



(143, 



144 



Page. 

Bulkheads 82 

On ferryboats 108 

Butt straps on boilers, requirements for 18 

Cable for communication required on certain 

steamers 115 

Carley life float, buoyancy, etc., of 76 

Cast iron and steel, use of, in boilers, pipes, 

and connections . 48, 61 

Certificates of inspection: 
Must be exposed on certain sail vessels and 

\ barges 110 

Number of officers and crew shall be stated 

thereon 112 

Cocks. See Sea cocks; Stop valves. 
Color blindness, examination of licensed offi- 
cers for 105 

Cone tops, formula for pressure allowable on. 43 

Copper pipe, use of, in marine boilers 45 

Copper tubes, use of, in water- tube boilers. . 61 
Cork, loose granulated, life-preservers of, pro- 
hibition of 77 

Cotton, baled, how bound and covered 84 

Diagonal stays, area of 19 

Districts, supervising, territory embraced in. 5 

Dock, inspection of vessels in 107 

"Doctor," use of, as fire pump... 86 

Documents, official, public inspection of 114 

Donkey boilers, requirements for r 18 

Draft of seagoing vessels, maximum, fixing 

and marking of 116 

Drags, requirements for ....... 82 

Eighth district, starting, stopping, and back- 
ing signals in 117 

Elevators, steam floating, location of whistles 

of 113 

Engineers: 
Grades of, and requirements for eligibility 

to license 94 

Examination of boilers and machinery by. . 95 

License of (see Licenses) 94 

Report of, on repairs 95 

Routes of 94 

Equipments approved for use on steam ves- 
sels 129 

Excursion steamers and barges: 

Issuance of permits for 110 

Lifeboats and life-saving equipments re- 
quired on 110 

Officers required on 110 

Regulations regarding 109 

Feed pipe. See Pipe. 

Feed water for marine boilers, temperature of. 50 

Fenders, sheet-iron, behind boilers of western 

river steamers 85 

Ferry barges, life-saving appliances on 110 

Ferryboats 108 

Bulkheads on 108 

Definition of 108 

For railroad passenger cars, life-saving 

equipments, etc., of 109 

Lifeboats and life-preservers for 108 

Lights on 108 

Watch on 104 

Fifth district, starting, stopping, and backing 

signals in part of 117 

Filtering apparatus approved for use on steam 

vessels 134 

Findings of inspectors in trials of licensed 

officers, notification of 119 

Fire alarm, general 106 

Fire apparatus: 
Examination of, by both local inspectors. . . 113 

On passenger barges 77 

On vessels 84 

Fire barrels, requirements regarding 84 

Fire boats, lifeboats on 72 

Fire buckets, requirements regarding 84 

Fire drill on passenger steamers 105 

Fire extinguishers: 

Approved for use on steam vessels 133 

Chemical, regulations regarding 87 

Fire-extinguishing system approved for use 

on steam vessels 133 



Page. 
Fire indicator approved for use on steam ves- 
sels 133, 134 

Fire pipes, requirements for 85, 86, 87 

Fire pumps, requirements for 85-88 

Fishing vessels, steam, license for master or 

mate of ioi 

Flanges in steam and feed pipes 46, 47 

Flash boilers 51 

Flat surfaces, stress allowable on 22 

Float. See Life float. 
Flue rings: 

Adamson, in steam chimney 44 

Angle, in steam chimney 44 

Flues: 

Bracing of 45 

Corrugated, thickness of, measurement of. . 41 

Externally fired boilers 59 

Pressure allowable on, formulas for 39 

Adamson type 41 

Brown type 41 

Cone-shaped 43 

Corrugated 39, 40 

Fox type 40 

Having sections 18 inches long 41 

Leeds suspension bulb 40 

Morison suspension type 40 

Plain circular (in steam chimney) : 44, 45 

Plain (supported by angle bars) 43, 44 

Purves type 40 

Used for steam chimneys 43 

Vertical type 42 

Pressure allowable on, table of 37 

Requirements for 39 

Socket bolts in 45 

Steam chimney — 

Adamson rings in 44 

Angle rings in 43, 44 

Plain, pressure allowable on 45 

Pressure allowable on 43, 44, 45 

Fog bell required on vessels, size and material 

of 118 

Freight, stowage of, duty of mate to super- 
vise 106 

Furnaces: 

Plates extending over, requirements for 17 

Pressure allowable in 39 

Steel for, tensile strength and elongation 

required 39 

See Flues. 
Fusible plugs: 

Requirements for 50 

Stopper approved for use on steam vessels . 133 

Gas fire apparatus 95 

Gauge cocks on boilers 51 

Gauges: 

Steam, on boilers 52 

Water, on boilers 51, 59 

Girders, boiler, formula for pressure on 21 

Guns, line-carrying 78 

Approved for use on steam vessels 131 

Carriages for, numbering of 79 

Manufacturer's affidavit of test of 78 

Powder charge for 78 

Hawaiian Islands, license for master or mate 

of coasting vessels in 101 

Heads, boiler: 

Pressure allowable on 24 

Requirements for 24 

Western rivers 59 

Hemp, baled, how bound and covered 84 

Hose, fire, test and inspection of 88 

Hulls, boring of, to determine soundness 107 

See Inspection. 

Hydrostatic test of boilers 18 

Inflammable articles, certain, prohibited as 
stores on passenger and pleasure steam- 
ers H6 

Inflammable material, protection of, from fire. 84 

Inspection of steam vessels 68 

Application for 106 

Docked for repairs 107 

Employed by the Government 106 

For renewal of certificate, time of 107 

Hulls 107 

Reports on, by local boards 114 



145 



Pago. 
Inspection certificates: 

l'eriod of 107 

Revocation or suspension of 107 

Signatures to 107 

Inspectors: 

Duties of Ill 

Local 6 

Joint examination of lire apparatus by... 113 
Joint test of boiler by hydrostatic pres- 
sure by 113 

Notification of, of decisions of supervising 
inspector and issuance of permits to 

ca rry pa ssengers Ill 

Notification of, of licenses refused, re- 
voked, or suspended in adjoining dis- 
tricts 112 

Reports by 112, 113 

Rules for government of, in trials of licensed 

officers 118 

Supervising 5 

Annual reports of Ill 

Appeal to, in cases of trial of licensed offi- 
cers 119 

Notification to local ins pe c tor s of deci- 
sions of. and permits to carry passengers 

issued by Ill 

Testimony of, method of ©©taming, by other 

inspectors 112 

instruments approved for use on steam ves- 
sels 129 

Iron: 
Oast, use of, in boilers, pipes, and connec- 
tions 48 

Malleable, fittings of, in boilers, etc 61 

•Joint rule "for examination of fire appara- 
tus and hydrostatic test of boiler 113 

Joints: 

Of steam and feed pipes 4*5. 47 

Riveted lap. formulas and tal>les for i>itch 

of rivets in 120 

Slip, in steam pipes 48 

Kapok life-preservers, prohibition of 77 

Ladders en passenger steamers and barges.. 69 

Laws, pilot, issue of, to licensees 93 

Leeds furnace 40 

Licensee, officers': 

Application for 91, 118 

Engineers' — 

Classes of and requirement s for 94 

Designation of tonnage of vessels on 94 

For motor vessels 97 

Examination for 91 

Notification of place and date of 118 

Place of 89 

Ink to be used for 90 

Issued, reports on. by local boards 114 

Light-House Service, special 92 

Loss of, certificate of 90 

Making out of 90 

Masters'— 
Examination for color blindness before 

granting of 10.3 

For Hawaiian and l'orto ELiean coasting 

vessels 101 

For sail vessels of over 700 gross tons 99 

For barges carrying passengers 101 

For steam pilot boats 101 

For steam fishing vessels 101 

For steam vessels 97.98 

For unfamiliar waters '93 

Issue of pilot rules and regulations with. . 93 
Mates'— 
Examination for color blindness before 

gi. anting of 105 

Examination for. inland or river steamers 103 
For Hawaiian and l'orto Rican coasting 

vessels 101 

For sail vessels of over 700 gross tons 100 

For steam fishing vessels. /. 101 

For steam pilot boats 101 

For steam vessels 102, 103 

Method of obtaining 89 

New, for change of grade . . - M 

26191—07 10 



Page. 
Licenses, officers'— Continued. 

Pilots' 93 

Educational requirement for 93 

Examination for color blindness before 

granting of _„ 105 

Experience required for 93 

Extension of, to new route 93 

For unfamiliar waters 93 

For yachts (owners) 100 

Issue of pilot rules and regulations with. . 93 

Refusal of, statement of reasons for 118 

Refused, report of, l»v local boards 113 

Renewal of 92 

Evidence of applicants' title to 92 

For new waters 93 

Revocation of 92 

Rules of practice for trials for 118 

Revoked— 

New licenses to former holders of 92 

Report of, by local boards 113 

Surrender of 92 

Signatures to 107 

Special, eligibility of holders of, for exami- 
nation for higher grade 92 

Suspended — 

New licenses to former holders of 92 

Report of, by local boards 113 

Surrender of 92 

Suspension of 92. 93 

Rules of practice for trials for 118 

Lifeboats: 

Approved for use on steam vessels 130 

Capacity of, determination-of 69 

Capacity required for different-sized ves- 
sels 72 

Construe tion of 70 

Drawings, specifications, and name plate 

for 71 

Equipments of 71,74 

For ferryboats 108 

For fire boats 72 

For ocean vessels, size and equipment of... 74 

For passenger sail vessels 75 

For small passenger steamers 77 

For stern-wheel towing steamers 73 

Method of carrying 71 

Life floats: 

Carley, buoyancy, etc., of 76 

Wooden, requirements for 81 

Life-preservers: 

Approved for use on steam vessels 130 

For ferryboats 109 

For sail vessels 75 

Granulated cork, loose, prohibition of 77 

Kapok, prohibition of 77 

Requirements for 79 

Life-raft cylinders, construction of 70 

Life rafts: 

Approved for use on steam vessels 129 

Buoyancy and equipments of 71 . 75 

Capacity determined by test 76 

Drawings, specifications, and name plate 

for 71 

Granulated cork, prohibition of 77 

Mai king of capacity on 75 

Light-House Service) special license for offi- 
cers of 92 

Jvights on ferryboats 108 

Line-carrying guns and projectiles 7s 

Approved for use on steam vessels 131 

Crew to be drilled in use? of, and drills en- 
tered on log 79 

Load fine of seagoing vessels, marking of 116 

Lookout. See Watch. 

Low-water gauge. See Water gauge. 

Machinery: 

Approved for use on steam vessels L29 

Inspection of, by new engineer 95 

Unsafe, engineer's report of 95 

Manholes in boilers 

Western rivers 59 

Manufacturers' affidavits: 

Of test of line-carrying gun 78 

Regarding marine steam boilers 14 

Constructed of material tested at th>> mill. 13 

Using steel braces H 



146 



Page. 

Masters: 

License of (see Licenses) 97 

Passenger steamers, duties of (fire drill, etc.) . 105 

Mates: 
Inland or river passenger steamers, duties 

of 106 

License of (see Licenses) 102, 103 

Motor vessels: 

Engineer's license for 97 

Whistles on , 115 

Name of steamer, marking of, on equipments. 82 

Name plate: 

On boiler 50 

On lifeboats and rafts 71 

Ninth district, starting, stopping, and backing 

signals in 117 

Officers, licensed: 

Reports of, on accidents 95 

Rules and regulations regarding 88 

Trials of, rules of practice for 118 

Officers, Steamboat- Inspection Service ... 5 

Official records and documents, public inspec- 
tion of 114 

Oil allowed as stores on passenger steamers . . . 116 

Passengers, deck or steerage, assignment of 

space to 106 

Passenger sail vessels and barges: 

Ladders on. 69 

Life-saving and fire-fighting equipment of. 75, 77 
Passenger steamers: 

Definition of 83 

Exclusion of certain persons from bridge 

and pilothouse of 93 

Fire drill, etc., on 105 

Ladders on 69 

Lifeboats for 73, 74, 75 

Oil and petroleum on 116 

Stairways on 69 

Watchmen on 104 

Petroleum, refined: 

Carrying of, on passenger steamers 116 

Receptacles for 116 

Pilot boats, steam, license for master or mate 

of 101 

Pilot house: 

Exclusion of certain persons from 93 

Flashing of searchlight into, prohibition of. . 117 
Pilot rules and regulations, issue of, to licen- 
sees 93 

Pilots: 

Extension of route of 93 

Guidance of, by rules of Board of Supervis- 
ing Inspectors 105 

Illiterate, issue of licenses to 93 

License of (see Licenses) 104, 105 

Route of, extension of 93 

Pipes: 

Bilge 88 

Cast iron and steel in 48 

Copper, requirements for 45 

Feed, joints, flanges, etc., of 46, 47, 48 

Fire 85 

Holes for, in boilers, reinforcement of 48 

Main steam, thickness of, and pressure al- 
lowable on 25 

Seamless steel, material, inspection, and 

tests of 27 

Steam — 
For fire-extinguishing, requirements for. . 85 

Joints, flanges, etc. , of 46, 47, 48 

Lap-welded, annealing of 48 

Lap-welded, hyd rostatic test of 48 

Slip joints for 48 

AVelded, requirements and tests for 28 

Pitch: 
Of rivets, formulas and tables to determine. 120 

Of stays, maximum 23 

Plates: 
Extending beyond cylindrical shell of boiler 

over furnace, requirements for 17 

Lap joints in, formulas and tables of pitch 

of rivets for 120 

See Boiler plates. 
Plugs, boat, approved for use on steam vessels. 134 



Page. 
Plugs, fusible: 

In boilers 50 

Stopper approved for use on steam vessels. . 133 
Porcupine-type boilers, pressure allowable on. 60 
Porto Rico , license for master or mate of coast- 
ing vessels in 101 

Projectiles, line-carrying 78 

Pumps : 

Boiler-testing 86 

Fire 85, 86, 87 

Connection of, with hold 88 

Steam, approved for use on steam vessels. . 131 
Purves furnace 40 

Quenching test, steel boiler plates 12 

Railroad passenger cars on ferryboat, unlock- 
ing of doors of 109 

Records, official, public inspection of 114 

Regulations, pilot, issue of, to licensees 93 

Repairs: 

Inspection of vessels docked for 107 

Permit to proceed to other ports for 107 

Reports: 

Annual, of supervising inspectors Ill 

Inspectors', publication of. ill 

Of accidents — 

By licensed officers 96 

By local boards 113 

Of boilers inspected, by local boards 112 

Of examinations into alleged violations of 

steamboat law, by local boards 113 

Of licenses issued, revoked, suspended, and 

refused^ by local boards 113 

Of repairs, by engineer 95 

Of steamers gone out of service, by local 

boards 113 

Of steamers inspected and refused inspec- 
tion, by local boards 113 

Of unsafe boilers or machinery, by engineer. 95 
Tabular, of vessels inspected, etc., by local 

boards 114 

Ring buoys may be required 82 

Rivet holes in boilers, drilling of , etc 17 

Rivets, pitch of, etc., formulas and tables for 

determining 120 

Rockets, line-carrying 78 

Approved for use on steam vessels 131 

Rule I. — Boiler plate 9 

Rule II. — Boilers and attachments 15 

Rule III. — Boats, rafts, bulkheads, and life- 
saving appliances 68 

Rule I V.— Fire apparatus 83 

Rule V. — Licensed officers 88 

Rule VI. — Inspection of steamers 106 

Rule VII.— Ferryboats 108 

Rule VIII. — Excursion steamers and barges. 109 

Rule IX. — Duties of inspectors Ill 

Rule X. — Miscellaneous 114 

Rules : 
Of order for meetings of Board of Supervis- 
ing Inspectors 127 

Pilot, issue of, to licensees 93 

Safety-valves 52 

Approved for use on steam vessels 1 32 

Area of 52, 53, 54 

Lever 56 

Lever, use of, prohibited on boilers built 

after June 30, 1906 56 

Lock-up, for steamers that have carried ex- 
cess of steam 114 

Spring-loaded 56 

Sail vessels: 
Over 700 gross tons, license for master or 

chief mate of 100 

Passenger- 
Lifeboat and life-preserver equipment 

of 75 

School-ships, experience on 102 

Sea cocks 57 

Seagoing vessels, fixing and marking of draft 

of 116 

Searchlight, flashing of, into pilot house, pro- 
hibition of 117 

Shells. See Boiler shells. 






147 



Page. 

Signals: 
Gong, tube to return sound of, to pilot 

house Ill 

Starting, stopping, and backing, in eighth, 

ninth, and part of fifth districts 117 

Telegraph, repetition of 115 

Siphons, steam: 

Approved for use on steam vessels 131 

For use as bilge pipes 88 

Substitution of, for double-acting fire 
pumps 88 

Slip joints in steam pipe 48 

Socket bolts in flues 45 

Sounding apparatus and hand line, deep sea, * 
required on certain ocean steamers 113 

Speaking tube between pilot house and en- 
gine room 115 

Stairways on passenger steamers 69 

Stamps on boiler plates: 

Inspector's 10 

Manufacturer's 9 

Station bill on passenger steamers 105 

Stay bolts, boiler, requirements for 9 

Stays, boiler: 

Pitch of -... 23 

Requirements for 9 

Stress allowable on 9 

Steamboat-Inspection Service, officers of 5 

Steamboat law, violations of, report of inves- 
tigations of, by local boards 113 

Steam-chimney flues: 

Adamson rings in 44 

Angle rings in 44 

Pressure allowable on, formulas for ... 43, 44, 45 

Steamers inspected, refused inspection, and 
gone out of service, reports on, by local 
boards 113 

Steam fire apparatus 83 

Steam launches, lifeboat not required for 77 

Steam pipe. See Pipe. 

Steam pumps. See Pumps. 

Steel, cast, use of, in boilers, pipes, and con- 
nections 48, 61 

Steering apparatus, extra, on steamers 69 

Steps on passenger steamers 69 

Stop valves for boilers 58 

Approved for use on steam vessels 133 

Subpoenas to be served on witnesses in trials 

of licensed officers 118 

Superheater. See Steam-chimney. 

Supervising inspectors. See Inspectors. 

Tanks: 

Approved for use in steam vessels 134 

Requirements regarding 84 



Page. 
Telegraph between pilot bouse and engine. 

room, repetition of signals on 115 

Telephone required between pilot house and 

engine room on certain steamers 115 

Testing. See Boilers; Boiler plates, etc. 
Testimony: 
In trials of licensed officers, recording of. 118, 119 
Of inspectors, method of obtaining, by other 

inspectors 119 

Towing steamers, stern-wheel, lifeboats for. . . 73 
Trials of licensed officers: 

Record of 119 

Rules of practice for 118 

Tube plates, stress allowable on 29 

Tubes: 

Copper and brass, in water-tube boilers 61 

Lap-welded, material, inspection, and tests 

of 26, 27 

Seamless steel, material, tests, and gauging 

of 27 

Speaking, between pilot house and engine 

room 115 

To return sound of gong signals to pilot 
house : 115 

Valves: 

Approved for use on steam vessels 133 

On steam fire pipes 85 

Stop, in boilers 58 

See Safety-valves. 

Vapor fire apparatus 85 

Vessels inspected, alphabetic lists of, by local 

inspectors m 

Watch on steamers 104, 116 

Water gauge on boilers 51 

Western rivers 59 

Western river boilers 59 

Fenders behind 85 

Whistles: 

On motor vessels 115 

Steam, location of 113 

Steam, unnecessary sounding of prohibited . 118 

Witnesses, examination of, in trials of licensed 

officers 118 

Woodwork near boilers, protection of 58 

Yachts: 

License as pilot of 100 

Under 15 gross tons, exemption from reports 
to boards of inspectors 101 

Yukon River steamers, lifeboats for 73 



^ 



I'bFe '06 



